Table 1.
Hoorn DCS and DiaGene cohort characteristics
| DiaGene | Hoorn DCS | |
| Number of participants | 1815 | 1518 |
| Female sex, % (n) | 46.3 (841) | 43.7 (664) |
| Age, years, mean (±SD) | 65.2 (10.6) | 64.5 (10.6) |
| Age of onset diabetes, years, mean (±SD) | 54.9 (11.7) | 57.3 (11.0) |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (±SD) | 29.5 (5.5) | 30.4 (5.4) |
| HbA1c, % (SD) | 7.0 (1.1) | 6.8 (1.0) |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol, mean (±SD) | 53.3 (11.6) | 51 (11) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg, mean (±SD) | 141.9 (18.8) | 144 (19) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg, mean (±SD) | 77.4 (9.9) | 76 (10) |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L, mean (±SD) | 4.3 (0.9) | 4.6 (1.7) |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 1.4 (1.0–2.0) | 1.6 (1.2–2.2) |
| HDL-c, mmol/L, mean (±SD) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.4) |
| LDL-c, mmol/L, mean (±SD) | 2.5 (0.8) | 2.6 (0.9) |
| Non-HDL-c, mmol/L, mean (±SD) | 3.1 (0.9) | 3.5 (1.5) |
| Smoking | ||
| Never (n) | 425 | 926 |
| Former (n) | 924 | 334 |
| Current (n) | 294 | 258 |
| Complications | ||
| Incident CVD, % (n case/n total) | 10.1 (104/1034) | 8.0 (97/1220) |
| Prevalent CVD, % (n case/n total) | 34.6 (628/1669) | 19.0 (288/1518) |
| Incident nephropathy, % (n case/n total) | 20.1 (244/1214) | 12.4 (158/1272) |
| Prevalent nephropathy, % (n case/n total) | 20.2 (367/1621) | 15.5 (236/1518) |
| Incident retinopathy, % (n case/n total) | 16.1 (219/1361) | 9.9 (126/1278) |
| Prevalent retinopathy, % (n case/n total) | 16.0 (291/1714) | 14.2 (214/1503) |
Details on the cohorts, including definitions and biochemical measurements, have been described elsewhere.15 16
BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DCS, Diabetes Care System; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.