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Evaluation of the drug retention for capsule using twin-stage liquid impinger. Inhaler used was Handihaler® (flow rate, 30 l/min). (A) Images of the capsule inner surface after drug release and (B) drug retention for capsule. Each value represents the mean ± standard errors. Each experiment was repeated three times. G-Cap, gelatin capsule; PEG/G-Cap, gelatin capsule containing 5% PEG4000 as plasticizer; HPMC-Cap, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose capsule; TIO, tiotropium bromide.
