Table 3.
Dietary patterns based on the T-test and factor loading matrix of two main dietary patterns with the Varimax rotation
| Food groups | Major food items in Iran | Dietary patternsa | Cases (n = 120) | Controls (n = 120) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pattern 1: healthy | Pattern 2: quasi-western | |||||
| Processed meats | Sausage, kielbasa, hamburger | – | 0.465 | 15.85 (±4.26) | 3.70 (±1.64) | < 0.001 |
| Red and organ meats | Beef and veal, mutton, minced meat, heart, liver, and offal, by-products and abomasum, kale pache, tongue, brain | – | 0.456 | 17.62 (±2.84) | 10.40 (±2.47) | < 0.001 |
| Fish and poultry | Types of fish, tuna, chicken | 0.556 | – | 24.81 (±5.83) | 37.59 (±5.58) | < 0.001 |
| Egg | Egg | 0.465 | – | 13.78 (±5.25) | 22.66 (±5.61) | < 0.001 |
| Dairy products | Types of milk (low, normal, or high fat), yogurt (low, normal, or high fat), creamy or dripped yogurt, dough, chocolate milk, cheese (creamy or normal), types of ice cream, curd, cream, butterfat | 0.595 | – | 2.52 (±1.58) | 5.69 (±1.17) | < 0.001 |
| Tea and coffee | Tea and coffee | – | 0.319 | 21.24 (±3.20) | 8.17 (±4.62) | < 0.001 |
| Fruits and vegetables | Cantaloupe and watermelon, melon, watermelon, pear, apricot, cherry and sour cherry, apple, peach, nectarine, green tomato, grape, kiwi, grapefruit, orange, persimmon, tangerine, pomegranate, yellow or red plum, strawberry, banana, lemonade, lemongrass, raisins, fresh berries, fresh figs, compotes, dried figs, dates, dried berries, peach and apricot leaves, natural juices, other fruits | 0.797 | – | 232.91 (±13.33) | 406.37 (±14.28) | < 0.001 |
| Lettuce, cucumber, stewed vegetables, eggplant, celery, green peas, green beans, green peppers, bell peppers, turnips, squash, pumpkin stew, mushrooms, raw or fried onions, boiled potatoes, garlic, Spinach, raw or cooked carrots, other vegetables | ||||||
| Industrial juice and soft drinks | Industrial juice, lemon juice, types of drinks (soft drinks, water poetry, industrial syrups) | – | 0.714 | 8.77 (±2.77) | 4.77 (±3.12) | < 0.001 |
| Legumes and soy | Beans, lentils, chickpeas, cotyledon, broad bean, mung bean and other legumes, soybean meal | 0.429 | – | 171.72 (±12.53) | 248.38 (±12.06) | < 0.001 |
| Nuts | Peanuts, almonds, walnuts, pistachios, hazelnuts, any kind of seed | 0.351 | – | 65.34 (±4.19) | 79.05 (±6.41) | 0.042 |
| Whole grains | Sangak bread, taftoon, barbari, barley bread, barley, wheat, oatmeal, corn | – | – | 1228.03 (±57.18) | 1333.29 (±55.88) | 0.149 |
| Refined grains | Bread (milk, fried, oily, or sugar bread), lavash, baguette, wheat flour, rice, pasta, noodles, vermicelli, crackers | – | 0.392 | 271.78 (±17.76) | 247.14 (±16.80) | 0.120 |
| French fries and potato chips | French fries, potato chips | – | 0.315 | 2.52 (±0.58) | 0.38 (±0.04) | 0.184 |
| Sugars, sweets and desserts | Types of cakes, dry or wet sweets, chocolates, homemade halva, puff pastry, biscuits, donuts, caramel cream, sugar, sugar or cheese, candy, honey, jams, sugary halva, quotes, candy, turmeric, sohan | – | 0.788 | 28.47 (±4.50) | 9.49 (±4.12) | < 0.001 |
| Pickles and salinity | Pickles and salinity | – | – | 219.41 (±17.96) | 222.96 (±13.38) | 0.894 |
| Solid oils and animal fat | Margarine, butter, solid vegetable oil, animal oil, tallow, mayonnaise | −0.454 | – | 102.66 (±9.17) | 56.30 (±8.36) | < 0.001 |
| Liquid oils | Types of liquid, olive, or green oil | 0.479 | – | 25.99 (±7.19) | 32.01 (±5.49) | 0.059 |
| Tomato | Tomatoes, red sauce | 0.701 | – | 36.33 (±7.99) | 471.29 (±5.37) | < 0.001 |
| Salt | Table salt, food salt | −0.392 | 0.376 | 4.90 (±1.77) | 3.32 (±1.24) | < 0.001 |
All data are mean (±SD) for quantitative variables
aFactor loadings< 0.30 were not listed in the table for simplicity