Figure 2.

Full coverage of the chemical exposome will require multiple instrumental approaches, as shown by the chemical space of 299 internal exogenous analytes routinely targeted in large population biomonitoring studies in blood or urine. a) Measurement of the analytes will require a mixture of LC- and GC-based approaches that are b) dependent upon the analyte class. Analytes were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2016, latest update in 2019), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA), and HBM4 EU (European Environment Agency, and European Commission, latest update in 2018). Water solubility and K_ow values are estimated from EPA EPI Suite software and span 18 orders of magnitude for water solubility and 15 orders of magnitude for K_ow. Estimations of the K_ow values for the anionic perfluoroalkyl acids included in the class of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances are from Hidalgo and Mora-Diez.¹⁶³