Table 1.
Descriptive Characteristics of the Adolescents for Each Sample by Outcome
| Salivary Cortisol Sample N=494 |
Hair Cortisol Sample N=453 |
Salivary EBV Sample N=426 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
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| n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Youth race | ||||||
| Black/African American | 174 | 35.2 | 158 | 34.9 | 162 | 38.0 |
| White | 320 | 64.8 | 295 | 65.1 | 264 | 62.0 |
| Caregiver education | ||||||
| Less than high school | 20 | 4.0 | 15 | 3.3 | 18 | 4.2 |
| High school degree | 69 | 14.0 | 62 | 13.7 | 63 | 14.8 |
| Some college | 149 | 30.2 | 132 | 29.1 | 130 | 30.5 |
| Bachelor’s degree | 142 | 28.7 | 135 | 29.8 | 119 | 27.9 |
| Graduate/prof degree | 109 | 22.1 | 109 | 23.2 | 93 | 21.8 |
| Missing | 5 | 1.0 | 4 | 0.9 | 3 | 0.7 |
| Household income | ||||||
| $0-$30,000 | 141 | 28.5 | 119 | 26.3 | 122 | 28.6 |
| $30,001-$60,000 | 101 | 20.5 | 92 | 20.3 | 85 | 19.9 |
| $60,001 and higher | 219 | 44.3 | 210 | 46.3 | 191 | 44.9 |
| Missing | 33 | 6.7 | 32 | 7.1 | 28 | 6.6 |
| Economic adversity developmental period | ||||||
| 0–5 years | ||||||
| Yes | 185 | 37.5 | 164 | 36.2 | 170 | 39.9 |
| No | 296 | 59.9 | 279 | 61.6 | 241 | 56.6 |
| Missing | 13 | 2.6 | 10 | 2.2 | 15 | 3.5 |
| 6–10 years | ||||||
| Yes | 176 | 35.6 | 153 | 33.8 | 159 | 37.3 |
| No | 306 | 61.9 | 288 | 63.6 | 249 | 58.5 |
| Missing | 12 | 2.4 | 12 | 2.6 | 18 | 4.2 |
| 11 years and more | ||||||
| Yes | 159 | 32.2 | 131 | 28.9 | 133 | 31.2 |
| No | 324 | 65.6 | 310 | 68.4 | 276 | 64.8 |
| Missing | 11 | 2.2 | 12 | 2.6 | 17 | 4.0 |
| Economic adversity cumulative | ||||||
| Never | 220 | 44.5 | 213 | 47.0 | 172 | 40.4 |
| 1 time period | 97 | 19.6 | 87 | 19.2 | 84 | 19.7 |
| 2 time periods | 62 | 12.6 | 55 | 12.2 | 64 | 15.0 |
| 3 time periods | 97 | 19.6 | 82 | 18.1 | 80 | 18.8 |
| Missing | 18 | 3.6 | 16 | 3.5 | 26 | 6.1 |
| Youth sex | ||||||
| Male | 237 | 48.0 | 232 | 51.2 | 219 | 51.4 |
| Female | 257 | 52.0 | 221 | 48.8 | 207 | 48.6 |
| Caregiver married | ||||||
| Yes | 303 | 61.3 | 282 | 62.2 | 259 | 60.8 |
| No | 188 | 38.1 | 167 | 36.9 | 159 | 37.3 |
| Missing | 3 | 0.6 | 4 | .9 | 8 | 1.9 |
| Youth weight status | ||||||
| Underweight | 10 | 2.0 | 11 | 2.4 | 10 | 2.4 |
| Normal weight | 299 | 60.5 | 269 | 59.4 | 241 | 56.6 |
| Overweight | 74 | 15.0 | 73 | 16.1 | 79 | 18.5 |
| Obese | 96 | 19.4 | 90 | 19.9 | 78 | 18.3 |
| Missing | 15 | 3.0 | 10 | 2.2 | 18 | 4.2 |
| Season of collection | ||||||
| Winter | 132 | 26.7 | 120 | 26.5 | 144 | 33.8 |
| Spring | 147 | 29.8 | 141 | 31.1 | 36 | 8.5 |
| Summer | 104 | 21.0 | 98 | 21.6 | 116 | 27.2 |
| Fall | 111 | 22.5 | 94 | 20.8 | 130 | 30.5 |
| Chemical use in hair | ||||||
| Yes | 76 | 16.8 | ||||
| No | 370 | 81.7 | ||||
| Missing | 7 | 1.5 | ||||
| Washes hair daily | ||||||
| Yes | 178 | 39.3 | ||||
| No | 257 | 56.7 | ||||
| Missing | 18 | 4.0 | ||||
| Salivary shedding of EBV DNA | ||||||
| Yes | 272 | 63.9 | ||||
| No | 154 | 36.2 | ||||
| n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | |
|
|
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| Logged salivary cortisol1 | 2648 | 0.12 (0.15) | 453 | 0.98 (1.1) | -- | -- |
| Time since waking | 2540 | 13.5 (2.5) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Waking time | 2540 | 7.8 (1.8) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Age (range 11–17) | 494 | 14.6 (1.8) | 453 | 14.6 (1.8) | 426 | 14.4 (1.8) |
| Household size | 491 | 4.6 (1.6) | 453 | 4.58 (1.6) | 426 | 4.63 (1.6) |
| Pubertal development (range 1–4) | 386 | 3.05 (0.71) | 356 | 3.04 (0.7) | 326 | 3.02 (0.7) |
| Logged hair cortisol1 | 453 | 0.98 (1.1) | ||||
| Hair length in cm | 448 | 2.98 (1.1) | ||||
Note. EBV= Epstein Barr virus
1
Salivary cortisol expressed as µg/dL and hair cortisol as pg/mg