Table 1.

Logistic Regressions Examining Gender Differences in Past-Year Opioid Analgesic Misuse Initiation, Overall Misuse, and Use Disorder.

	Initiation of Misuse			Past-Year Misuse			Use Disorder
	Odds Ratio	95 % CI Lower	95 % CI Upper	Odds Ratio	95 % CI Lower	95 % CI Upper	Odds Ratio	95 % CI Lower	95 % CI Upper
Gender (reference = male)	1.18	1.05	1.32	0.81	0.77	0.86	0.70	0.63	0.78
Age (reference = 12–17)
18–25	1.06	0.94	1.19	2.03	1.88	2.18	1.76	1.51	2.06
26–34	0.55	0.46	0.64	1.99	1.82	2.17	2.61	2.24	3.04
35–49	0.50	0.43	0.59	1.43	1.33	1.54	1.94	1.66	2.28
50–64	0.34	0.27	0.42	0.96	0.85	1.08	1.25	0.99	1.59
65+	0.20	0.14	0.27	0.39	0.33	0.46	0.31	0.19	0.54
Race (reference = nonHispanic White)
Black/African American	0.81	0.68	0.96	0.67	0.61	0.74	0.50	0.37	0.67
Native American/Alaskan Native	1.05	0.61	1.78	1.07	0.86	1.34	0.86	0.57	1.30
Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander	1.18	0.51	2.76	0.88	0.62	1.24	0.47	0.27	0.82
Asian	0.54	0.43	0.68	0.33	0.28	0.40	0.23	0.14	0.38
More than one race	1.01	0.75	1.35	1.19	1.02	1.38	1.14	.82	1.59
Hispanic	0.94	0.82	1.09	0.68	0.63	0.74	0.40	0.32	0.52
Income (reference = < $20,000)
$20,000–$49,000	0.94	0.78	1.13	0.83	0.77	0.89	0.56	0.48	0.66
$50,000–$74,999	0.82	0.70	0.97	0.71	0.65	0.78	0.42	0.35	0.52
$75,000 +	0.71	0.59	0.87	0.58	0.54	0.63	0.27	0.22	0.34
County (reference = large metro)
small metro	1.03	0.88	1.19	0.98	0.93	1.04	0.93	0.81	1.07
non-metro	0.79	0.66	0.95	0.87	0.80	0.94	0.86	0.73	1.01
Covered by Health Insurance (reference = yes)	1.01	0.84	1.22	1.30	1.20	1.40	1.44	1.22	1.69
Year (reference = 2015)
2016	1.01	0.83	1.25	0.94	0.87	1.01	0.97	0.82	1.14
2017	0.92	0.76	1.11	0.87	0.80	0.95	0.91	0.76	1.10
2018	0.92	0.74	1.13	0.81	0.74	0.88	0.89	0.72	1.11
2019	0.74	0.61	0.91	0.79	0.72	0.87	0.75	0.63	0.90