Table 3.
Seen doctor in past 12 monthsa | ED admission in past 12 monthsa |
Doctor does not always listenb |
Doctor does not always explain carefullyb |
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 (without covariates) | ||||
FS lvlc (FS)d | OR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] |
Low FSd | .7 [.5, .8]** | 1.6 [1.4, 1.9]*** | 1.5 [1.2, 1.8]*** | 1.6 [1.3, 2.0]*** |
Very low FSd | .7 [.4, 1.0] | 2.7 [2.2, 3.5]*** | 1.5 [1.1, 2.0]** | 1.9 [1.4, 2.5]*** |
Age, years (55–64) | ||||
65–74 | 1.7 [1.5, 2.0]*** | 1.1 [1.0, 1.2]* | .8 [.8, .9]*** | .9 [.8, 1.0]** |
75+ | 1.7 [1.4, 2.0]*** | 1.5 [1.4, 1.7]*** | .8 [.7, .9]*** | 1.0 [.9, 1.1] |
Model 2 (adjusted models with covariates) | ||||
FS lvlc (FS)d | OR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] |
Low FSd | 1.0 [.7, 1.3] | 1.2 [1.0, 1.5]* | 1.2 [.9, 1.5] | 1.3 [1.0, 1.6]* |
Very low FSd | .8 [.5, 1.3] | 1.6 [1.2, 2.1]** | 1.3 [1.0, 1.8] | 1.7 [1.3, 2.4]** |
Age, years (55–64) | ||||
65–74 | .7 [.6, .9]** | .7 [.6, .9]** | 1.0 [.8, 1.2] | 1.0 [.8, 1.2] |
75+ | .6 [.5, .8]*** | .9 [.7, 1.0] | .9 [.8, 1.1] | 1.2 [1.0, 1.4] |
Gender (male) | ||||
Female | 1.2 [1.1, 1.4]** | .9 [.8, 1.0]** | 1.1 [1.0, 1.2] | 1.0 [1.0, 1.1] |
Race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white) | ||||
Hispanic | 1.0 [.8, 1.3] | .9 [.7, 1.0] | .9 [.7, 1.0] | .8 [.6, .9]** |
Asian | .7 [.5, .9]** | .7 [.5, .8]*** | 1.2 [1.0, 1.4] | 1.1 [.9, 1.3] |
Black/African American | 1.1 [.8, 1.5] | 1.2 [1.0, 1.4] | .7 [.5, .8]*** | .6 [.5, .8]*** |
Other | .7 [.5, 1.0]* | 1.4 [1.1, 1.7]* | .9 [.7, 1.2] | .8 [.6, 1.1] |
Marital (married/partnere) | ||||
Wid/div/sepf | 1.0 [.8, 1.1] | 1.2 [1.1, 1.4]*** | 1.0 [.9, 1.2] | 1.0 [.9, 1.2] |
Never married | .8 [.6, 1.0] | .9 [.8, 1.1] | 1.0 [.8, 1.2] | 1.1 [.9, 1.3] |
General health (excellent/very good) | ||||
Good/fair/poor | 1.5 [1.3, 1.7]*** | 1.8 [1.7, 2.1]*** | 1.3 [1.2, 1.4]*** | 1.4 [1.3, 1.6]*** |
Number of chronic conditions (0) | ||||
1 | 1.8 [1.5, 2.1]*** | 1.4 [1.3, 1.6]*** | .9 [.8, 1.0]* | .9 [.8, .9]** |
2 | 2.3 [1.8, 3.1]*** | 2.1 [1.8, 2.4]*** | .8 [.7, 1.0]* | .9 [.7, 1.0] |
3 | 3.0 [1.4, 6.2]** | 2.8 [1.9, 4.1]*** | .6 [.4, .8]** | .6 [.4, .9]* |
Education level (HSg or less) | ||||
More than HSg | 1.3 [1.1, 1.5]** | 1.1 [1.0, 1.2] | 1.1 [1.0, 1.3]** | 1.2 [1.1, 1.3]*** |
Employment status (full-time) | ||||
Not lookingh | 1.4 [1.2, 1.7]*** | 1.4 [1.2, 1.5]*** | .9 [.8, 1.0] | .9 [.8, 1.1] |
Lookingi | 1.3 [.9, 1.8] | 1.1 [.8, 1.6] | 1.4 [1.0, 1.8]* | 1.3 [.9, 1.8] |
PT & otherj | 1.3 [.9, 1.7] | 1.1 [.9, 1.4] | 1.0 [.8, 1.2] | 1.0 [.9, 1.2] |
Insurance status (uninsured) | ||||
Medicare & Medicaid | 6.0 [4.4, 8.2]*** | 2.1 [1.6, 2.8]*** | .8 [.6, 1.2] | .9 [.6, 1.2] |
Medicare & others | 8.7 [6.4, 11.9]*** | 1.7 [1.3, 2.2]*** | .8 [.6, 1.2] | .9 [.6, 1.2] |
Medicare only | 4.9 [3.5, 6.8]*** | 1.6 [1.2, 2.2]** | .8 [.6, 1.1] | .8 [.6, 1.2] |
Medicaid only | 3.1 [2.3, 4.3]*** | 2.0 [1.5, 2.6]*** | 1.1 [.8, 1.5] | .9 [.6, 1.4] |
Employment-based | 4.6 [3.6, 5.8]*** | 1.2 [1.0, 1.6] | 1.0 [.8, 1.4] | 1.0 [.7, 1.3] |
Privately purchased | 2.6 [1.9, 3.5]*** | 1.2 [.8, 1.7] | 1.0 [.7, 1.5] | 1.1 [.8, 1.5] |
Other public | 5.5 [3.6, 8.6]*** | 1.9 [1.3, 2.7]** | .8 [.5, 1.2] | .8 [.5, 1.2] |
Place of birth (US born) | ||||
Not US born | 1.0 [.8, 1.2] | 1.0 [.8, 1.2] | .9 [.8, 1.1] | 1.1 [.9, 1.3] |
English proficiency (proficient) | ||||
Not proficient | 1.0 [.8, 1.3] | .8 [.6, .9]* | 1.3 [1.1, 1.6]** | 1.5 [1.3, 1.8]*** |
Income (0–29,999) | ||||
30,000–59,999 | 1.3 [1.1, 1.6]** | 1.1 [1.0, 1.3] | .9 [.8, 1.1] | .9 [.8, 1.1] |
60,000–89,999 | 1.3 [1.1, 1.6]* | 1.0 [.8, 1.1] | .9 [.8, 1.0] | .9 [.8, 1.0] |
90,000–119,999 | 1.4 [1.1, 1.9]** | 1.0 [.9, 1.3] | .8 [.7, 1.0]* | .9 [.7, 1.1] |
120,000–149,999 | 1.9 [1.3, 2.7]*** | 1.0 [.8, 1.3] | .7 [.6, .9]** | .8 [.7, 1.0] |
150,000–179,999 | 1.7 [1.2, 2.4]** | 1.0 [.8, 1.4] | .8 [.6, 1.1] | .9 [.7, 1.2] |
180,000 or more | 1.7 [1.3, 2.2]*** | 1.1 [.9, 1.3] | .7 [.6, .9]** | .8 [.6, .9]** |
Time (2011) | ||||
2012 | 1.1 [1.0, 1.3] | 1.2 [1.0, 1.3]* | 1.1 [1.0, 1.3]* | 1.1 [1.0, 1.2] |
2013 | .9 [.8, 1.1] | 1.0 [.9, 1.2] | 1.0 [.9, 1.2] | 1.1 [.9, 1.2] |
2014 | 1.0 [.8, 1.2] | 1.0 [.8, 1.1] | .9 [.8, 1.1] | .9 [.8, 1.0] |
2015 | .9 [.7, 1.1] | 1.1 [1.0, 1.2] | 1.2 [1.0, 1.3]* | 1.0 [.9, 1.2] |
2016 | .9 [.7, 1.1] | 1.1 [.9, 1.3] | 1.1 [.9, 1.3] | 1.1 [.9, 1.2] |
Household size (1) | ||||
2 | 1.1 [.9, 1.3] | 1.0 [.9, 1.2] | 1.0 [.9, 1.1] | 1.1 [.9, 1.2] |
3 | 1.0 [.8, 1.3] | 1.1 [.9, 1.3] | 1.0 [.9, 1.2] | 1.0 [.8, 1.1] |
4 | .9 [.7, 1.2] | 1.0 [.8, 1.2] | 1.1 [.9, 1.3] | 1.1 [.9, 1.3] |
5 | 1.1 [.8, 1.6] | 1.1 [.8, 1.4] | 1.1 [.9, 1.5] | 1.1 [.8, 1.4] |
6 | .9 [.5, 1.5] | 1.0 [.7, 1.5] | 1.4 [.9, 2.1] | 1.4 [.9, 2.0] |
7 | 1.2 [.6, 2.4] | 1.4 [.8, 2.4] | 1.7 [1.0, 2.9] | .9 [.5, 1.6] |
8 | 1.2 [.4, 3.5] | 1.5 [.7, 3.3] | 1.5 [.6, 3.7] | 1.5 [.6, 3.6] |
9 | .3 [.1, 1.4] | 1.4 [.6, 3.4] | 2.1 [.9, 5.3] | 2.0 [.8, 4.8] |
10 | 6.8 [1.3, 35]* | 4.2 [.7, 24.4] | 1.8 [.3, 9.1] | 1.0 [.2, 5.1] |
Note. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.
p ≤ .05
p <.01
p < .001.
n = 72,212.
n = 64,213.
Food security level.
Food secure.
Living with partner.
Widowed/divorced/separated.
High school.
Unemployed and not looking for employment.
Unemployed and looking for employment.
Part-time and other.