Table 2. Perception of staff on training by students, residents, patients and HCWs on questions posed, reported by single question as medians and IQR, as well as OR (95%CI).
| Area | Question (perception on. . .) | Staff on training category | Perceived by. . . | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Students (N = 389) | Residents (N = 355) | Patients (N = 347) | HCWs (N = 722) | |||||||
| Median (IQR) | OR (95% CI) | Median (IQR) | OR (95% CI) | Median (IQR) | OR (95% CI) | Median (IQR) | OR (95% CI) | |||
| A | A1) Assistance improved by staff on training | Residents | 5 (5–5) | 0.78 (0.41–1.48) | 5 (5–5) | 1 | 5 (4–5) | 0.49 (0.26–0.93) | 4 (3–5) | 0.14 (0.08–0.26) |
| Students | 3 (3–4) | 1 | 3 (2–4) | 0.68 (0.43–1.09) | 4 (3–5) | 2.94* (1.49–5.78) | 3 (2–3) | 0.41 (0.25–0.67) | ||
| A2) Human side assistance contribution | Residents | / | / | 4 (3–5) | 1 | / | / | 5 (4–5) | 1.54 (0.79–2.98) | |
| Students | 4 (3–4) | 1 | / | / | / | / | 3 (3–4) | 0.42 (0.25–0.69) | ||
| B | B1) Preservation of privacy | Residents | / | / | 5 (4–5) | 1 | 5 (5–5) | 3.17 (1.54–6.57) | 5 (4–5) | 0.65 (0.39–1.10) |
| Students | 5 (4–5) | 1 | / | / | 5 (5–5) | 2.40 (1.03–5.61) | 4 (3–5) | 0.20 (0.12–0.34) | ||
| B2) No accidental data diffusion | Residents | / | / | 5 (4–5) | 1 | 5 (5–5) | 1.74** (0.56–5.40) | 5 (4–5) | 0.36** (0.16–0.80) | |
| Students | 5 (4–5) | 1 | / | / | 5 (4.5–5) | 3.19 (1.50–6.79) | 4 (3–5) | 0.39 (0.23–0.65) | ||
| C | C1) Medical record management | Residents | / | / | 5 (4–5) | 1 | / | / | 4 (2–5) | 0.09* (0.03–0.22) |
| Students | 5 (5–5) | 1 | / | / | / | / | 4 (3–5) | 0.09 (0.48–0.17) | ||
| C2) Informed consent collection | Residents | / | / | 5 (5–5) | 1 | / | / | 5 (4–5) | 0.04** (0.01–0.29) | |
| C3) Reporting mistakes | Residents | / | / | 4 (4–5) | 1 | / | / | 4 (3–5) | 0.28* (0.13–0.60) | |
| Students | 5 (4–5) | 1 | / | / | / | / | 3 (2–4) | 0.15 (0.08–0.27) | ||
| C4) Hand washing | Residents | / | / | 4 (4–5) | 1 | 5 (4–5) | 1.39* (0.61–3.15) | 4 (4–5) | 0.51 (0.32–0.82) | |
| Students | 4 (4–5) | 1 | / | / | 5 (5–5) | 5.12 (2.28–11.51) | 4 (3–4) | 0.16 (0.09–0.28) | ||
| C5) Patients’ pain immediately reported by students | Students | 4 (3–5) | 1 | / | / | 5 (4–5) | 4.07 (1.71–9.70) | / | / | |
| D | D1) Distinguishing staff on training from HCWs | Residents | / | / | 3 (2–4) | 1 | 4 (2–5) | 2.13* (1.25–3.63) | 4 (2–4) | 1.20 (0.77–1.87) |
| Students | 4 (2–5) | 1 | / | / | 4 (4–5) | 5.43* (2.15–13.72) | 4 (3–4) | 0.85* (0.51–1.44) | ||
| D2) Patients’ trust | Residents | / | / | 4 (4–4) | 1 | 5 (5–5) | 10.20 (5.80–18.11) | 4 (3–5) | 1.10 (0.07–1.74) | |
| Students | 3 (2–4) | 1 | / | / | 4 (4–5) | 15.23 (7.21–32.19) | 3(2–3) | 0.77* (0.40–1.49) | ||
| D3) Patients’ satisfaction of staff on training assistance | Residents | / | / | / | / | 5 (5–5) | 1 | 4 (4–5) | 0.10 (0.05–0.18) | |
| Students | / | / | / | / | 4 (3–5) | 1 | 3 (3–4) | 0.23* (0.11–0.48) | ||
| D4) Adequate students flow within wards | Students | 2 (1–2) | 0.10 (0.05–0.19) | 2 (2–3) | 0.19 (0.10–0.36) | 4 (2–5) | 1 | 2 (1–3) | 0.09* (0.04–0.20) | |
*: Generalized ordered logistic regression (1,2,3 scores vs 4,5 scores stratum), all strata in Supplementary Material S3 Appendix. Data set.
**: Logistic regression (1,2,3 scores vs 4,5 scores dichotomy).
/: Question not asked.