Table 2.
Summary of herbs-compounds that may potentially inhibit SARS-CoV-2/host proteins. The proteins/receptors that would be especially important to prevent or inhibit SARS-CoV-2-induced autophagy are S, ACE-2, S/ACE-2 complex, TMPSS2, Furin, CTSL, nsp2, nsp3/PLPRO, nsp4, nsp5/3CLPRO, nsp6, and nsp8. This table shows the herbal-protein interactions. For specific docking scores see Table 1.
| SARS-CoV-2/host proteins | Herbs/Compounds |
|---|---|
| S protein | Berberine, Baicalin, Saikosaponins, Catechin (C), EGCG, TF3, Procyanidins, Eugenol, and Quercetins |
| ACE-2 receptor | Berberine, immunotherapeutic-BBR nanomedicine (NIT-X), Catechin (C), Procyanidins, Eugenol |
| S/ACE-2 complex | Resveratrol, Catechin (C), EGCG, TF3, Quercetins, PGG |
| Furin | Baicalin |
| TMPSS2 receptor | NIT-X |
| Cathepsin-L (CTSL) | Catechin (C) |
| Nsp1 | Procyanidins |
| Nsp2 | Procyanidins |
| PLPRO(is a domain of nsp3) | Baicalin (interacted with PLPRO), Resveratrol, EGCG, TF3, TF2a, Theasinesin, Procyanidins, Quercetins |
| ADP ribose phosphatase | Eugenol |
| Nsp4 | Baicalin, Procyanidins |
| Nsp5/3CLPRO(processes nsp4-16) | Berberine, Scutellaria baicalensis, baicalein, baicalin, baicalin derivatives, Catechin (C), EGCG, TF3, Procyanidins, GCG, ECG, CAG, EGC, GC, EPC, EAF, AF, TF2a, Eugenol, PGG, Quercetins, Aloe vera compounds (e.g. feralolide, 9-dihydroxyl-2-O-(z)-cinnamoyl-7-methoxy-aloesia and aloeresin) |
| Nsp6 | Catechin (C), Procyanidins |
| Nsp7 | Procyanidins |
| Nsp8 | Procyanidins |
| Nsp9 | Procyanidins |
| Nsp10 | Procyanidins |
| Nsp12 (RdRp) | Baicalin, Resveratrol, EGCG, TF3, TF2a, Procyanidins, Eugenol, Quercetins |
| Nsp13 (Helicase) | Procyanidins |
| Nsp14 (ExonN) | Baicalein (nsp14 N and C terminals), Procyanidins |
| Nsp15 (NendoU) | Baicalin, Saikosaponins, Procyanidins, Eugenol, Quercetins |
| 2′-O-ribose methyltransferase (MTase) - nsp16 | Baicalin, Procyanidins |
| N protein | Catechin (C), catechin skeleton compounds, Procyanidins |
| ORF3a, E protein, M protein, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF8, ORF10 | Procyanidins |