Table 2. Univariate logistic regression analysis of risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 test positivity.
| Variable | Univariate logistic regression | |
|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.245 |
| Time interval between symptom onset and testing | 1.05 (1.00–1.09) | 0.046 |
| Gender (Male) | 0.81 (0.68–0.97) | 0.025 |
| Nationality (Malaysian) | 3.98 (2.87–5.53) | <0.001 |
| Race | ||
| Chinese | 1.77 (1.28–2.46) | 0.001 |
| Malay | 2.93 (2.07–4.14) | <0.001 |
| Indian | 3.54 (2.41–5.18) | <0.001 |
| Other | 1 [Reference] | |
| Travel History | 0.94 (0.23–3.81) | 0.934 |
| Close Contact with Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Cases | 4.57 (3.79–5.52) | <0.001 |
| Close Contact with Patient Under Investigation | 3.35 (2.63–4.27) | <0.001 |
| Close Contact with Disease Cluster/Hotspot | 2.69 (3.00–3.61) | <0.001 |
| Reason for Screening | ||
| Accident & Emergency | 1 [Reference] | |
| Admission to hospital | 0.183 (0.024–1.395) | 0.101 |
| Employer requirement | 0.662 (0.091–4.834) | 0.684 |
| On-Site/Workplace screening | 0.395 (0.048–3.259) | 0.389 |
| Pre Travel Requirement | 0.121 (0.016–0.912) | 0.04 |
| Requirement from health authority | 1.551 (0.199–12.118) | 0.675 |
| Self-referral–Walk in/Drive Thru/Home Screening | 2.444 (0.338–17.65) | 0.376 |
| Purpose of Sampling | ||
| Advanced testing | 0.998 | 1 |
| Cluster | 0.998 | 1 |
| COVID-19 Surveillance | 24103874.63 | 1 |
| Diagnostic | 21020316.72 | 0.999 |
| Referral Programme | 0.998 | 0.999 |
| Research | 1 [Reference] | 1 |
| Symptomatic | 11.77 (9.71–14.27) | <0.001 |
| Presenting Symptoms | ||
| Cough | 9.27 (7.03–12.24) | <0.001 |
| Chest Pain | 0 | 0.999 |
| Running Nose | 9.80 (7.22–13.30) | <0.001 |
| Fever | 15.55 (11.76–20.56) | <0.001 |
| Sore Throat | 7.94 (6.03–10.46) | <0.001 |
| Myalgia | 21.22 (10.10–44.59) | <0.001 |
| Gastrointestinal Symptom | 0 | 0.998 |
| Loss of Smell and Taste | 123.42 (76.85–198.21) | <0.001 |
| Nausea or Vomiting | 5.24 (1.62–16.92) | 0.006 |
| Fatigue | 24.85 (11.15–55.37) | <0.001 |
| Shortness of Breath | 1.63 (0.22–11.81) | 0.63 |
| Other Symptoms | 19.29 (7.21–51.61] | <0.001 |
OR: adjusted odd ratio.
*P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.