FIGURE 3.

Effect sizes for differences in endurance exercise performance associated with the dose of dietary ${\text{NO}}_3^{-}$ ingested within a 24-hour window before exercise.^{15–17,19–21,46} Subjects included were between the ages of 18 and 44 years and were either untrained men (□),⁴⁶ recreationally active men and women (○),²¹ recreationally active men (■),⁴⁶ and endurance trained (cyclists, runners, or triathletes) men (●).^{15–17,19,20} Effect sizes were taken from the corresponding literature, where provided. Otherwise, a Hedges g_av effect size statistic was calculated.