Table 1.
Comparison of patients’ clinical and laboratory parameters according to the three anticoagulation regimens.
| High-dose prophylaxis enoxaparin (n = 17) | Therapeutic enoxaparin (n = 29) | Therapeutic UFH infusion (n = 23) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics, number (%) | ||||
| Female | 6 (35.3%) | 9 (31%) | 7 (30.4%) | 0.940 |
| Male | 11 (64.7%) | 20 (69%) | 16 (69.6%) | |
| Age, median (IQR) (years) | 59 (46–61) | 59 (51–65) | 62 (56.5–69) | 0.277 |
| BMI, median (IQR) (kg/m2) | 32.1 (28.4–40) | 28.3 (24.8–32.4) | 31.2 (28.1–33.6) | 0.239 |
| Comorbidities, number (%) | ||||
| Previous VTE | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.4%) | 1 (4.3%) | 1.000 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 5 (29.4%) | 14 (48.3%) | 18 (78.3%) | 0.007 |
| Hypertension | 8 (47.1%) | 12 (41.4%) | 14 (60.9%) | 0.369 |
| Previous CVA | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (13%) | 0.046 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.4%) | 5 (21.7%) | 0.030 |
| Heart failure | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.4%) | 5 (21.7%) | 0.030 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0.579 |
| CKD | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 11 (47.8%) | 0.001 |
| Coagulation parameters, median (IQR) | ||||
| INR (0.8–1.3) | 1.1 (1–1.2) | 1.1 (1.1–1.2) | 1.2 (1.1–1.2) | 0.290 |
| aPTT (25–39 s) | 37.7 (34–44.9) | 37.1 (33.4–48) | 56.9 (50.7–78) | <0.001 |
| Current fibrinogen (2–4 g/L) | 7.1 (5–8.3) | 6.6 (5–7.6) | 5.9 (4.5–6.5) | 0.614 |
| Current D-dimer (0.22–0.45 mcg/mL FEU) | 2.3 (1.4–4.7) | 1.9 (1.3–3.4) | 3.8 (2.8–5.6) | 0.019 |
| Peak D-dimer (0.22–0.45 mcg/mL FEU) | 3.8 (3.3–12.7) | 5.4 (3–15.8) | 13.8 (6.5–19.7) | 0.107 |
| Platelets (×10³/μL) | 320 (184–368) | 385 (308–466) | 208 (182.5–279) | <0.001 |
| Medications, number (%) | ||||
| Aspirin | 1 (5.9%) | 7 (24.1%) | 6 (26.1%) | 0.295 |
| Plavix | 0 (0%) | 2 (6.9%) | 3 (13%) | 0.355 |
| Pressors | 3 (17.6%) | 10 (34.5%) | 19 (82.6%) | <0.001 |
| Complications, number (%) | ||||
| Bleeding | 2 (11.8%) | 6 (20.7%) | 6 (26.1%) | 0.599 |
| Arterial thrombosis | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0.579 |
| VTE | 0 (0%) | 2 (6.9%) | 4 (17.4%) | 0.184 |
| AKI | 5 (29.4%) | 11 (37.9%) | 18 (78.3%) | 0.003 |
| CRRT | 1 (5.9%) | 1 (3.4%) | 17 (73.9%) | <0.001 |
| Invasive MV | 7 (41.2%) | 14 (48.3%) | 23 (100%) | <0.001 |
| Cytokine storm markers, median (IQR) | ||||
| LDH (84–246 unit/L) | 701 (608–880) | 717 (599–978) | 814 (473–1040) | 0.946 |
| Ferritin (13–150 mcg/L) | 1828 (1367–3801) | 1580 (783–4500) | 2896 (1065–8542) | 0.240 |
| CK (26–192 unit/L) | 177.5 (97–379) | 266 (97–452) | 580 (252–1702) | 0.017 |
| Procalcitonin (0.0.2–0.1 ng/mL) | 0.2 (0.1–2) | 0.4 (0.2–1.6) | 4 (0.5–9.3) | 0.011 |
| IL-6 (1.5–7 pg/mL) | 174.5 (57.4–1552) | 172 (104.2–266) | 151 (113.5–224.4) | 0.707 |
| CRP (<10 mg/L) | 191 (171–226) | 231 (176–318) | 207.5 (107–291) | 0.217 |
| Peak fibrinogen (2–4 g/L) | 7.5 (6.3–8.9) | 7.6 (6.4–7.9) | 7.8 (6.1–8.5) | 0.997 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| ICU length of stay, median (IQR), days | 15 (9–23) | 16 (11–26) | 26 (19–31.5) | 0.012 |
| ICU mortality, number (%) | 6 (35.3%) | 11 (37.9%) | 19 (82.6%) | 0.002 |
AKI: acute kidney injury; aPTT: activated partial thromboplastin time; BMI: body mass index; CK: creatine kinase; CKD: chronic kidney disease; CRP: C-reactive protein; CRRT: continuous renal replacement therapies; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; INR: international normalized ratio; IQR: interquartile range; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; IL-6: interleukin-6; MV: mechanical ventilation; VTE: venous thromboembolism.