Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Communication cost of various components in bits.
| Component | Cost in bits |
|---|---|
| Time stamp | 48 |
| Generated random number | 48 |
| Symmetric encryption/decryption operation | 128 |
| Asymmetric encryption/decryption operation | 163 |
| Modular multiplication and inverse operation | 128 |
| Cryptographic hash function | 160 |
| Executing/verifying a signature | 256 |
