Table 8.

Plasma and epithelial lining fluid concentrations of antibacterial agents

Antibacterial agent	Dosage regimen	Subjects (n)	Sampling time (h)a	ELF to plasma based on AUC	Plasma concentration (µg/mL)b	ELF concentration (µg/mL)b	References
Hydroxychloroquine	400 mg PO once daily	22	7–12 days	ND	0.09 (0.03, 0.19)c,d	3.74 (0.13, 36.75)c,d	[104]
	200 mg PO three time daily	22	7–12 days	ND	0.07 (0.03, 0.09)c,d	1.81 (0.34, 10.08)c,d
Amikacin	20 mg/kg IV × 1 dose	8	1	NR	59.6 ± 23	ND	[109]
		8	2		34.3 ± 18	7 ± 6.3
		8	4		27.4 ± 21.2	ND
		8	6		19.4 ± 10	ND
Plazomicin	15 mg/kg IV × 1 dose	4	2	0.13	NR	NR	[112]
		4	4
		4	6
		4	8
		4	10
GSK2251052	1500 mg IV × 1 dose	5	2	0.54f	NR	3.30 (31.5)e	[120]
		5	6			1.05 (40.2)e
		5	12			0.635 (12.9)e
	1500 mg IV q12h × 5 doses	5	2	0.53f	NR	5.01 (25.1)e
		5	6			2.17 (55.8)e
		5	12			1.16 (16.5)e
GSK1322322	1500 mg IV q12h × 7 doses	6	2	1.2f	13.2 ± 3.80g	18.2 ± 7.55	[123]
		5	6		3.19 ± 1.40g	6.26 ± 6.12
		6	12		0.406 ± 0.178g	0.703 ± 0.301

ELF epithelial lining fluid; AUC area under the concentration-time curve; IV intravenously; ND not determined; NR not reported, PO by mouth, qxh every x hours, SD standard deviation

^aSampling time after the last dose

^bValues expressed as mean ± SD

^cValues expressed as median (range)

^dA total of 28 plasma and ELF concentrations from 22 patients

^eValues expressed as mean (percent coefficient of variation)

^fBased on the ratio of AUC₁₂ in ELF to AUC₁₂ in total plasma

^gThere were 17 concentrations in plasma at each sampling time