Table 4.
Measures of clinical management during the life-threatening bleeding event
| Overall (N = 449) | Trauma (N = 207) | Operative (N = 153) | Medical (N = 89) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure | Obs | M [Q1–Q3] n (%Obs) | Obs | M [Q1–Q3] n (%Obs) | Obs | M [Q1–Q3] n (%Obs) | Obs | M [Q1–Q3] n (%Obs) | P |
| Massive transfusion protocol activateda, b | 449 | 379 (84.4) | 207 | 199 (96.1) | 153 | 107 (69.9) | 89 | 73 (82.0) | <.01 |
| Location of massive transfusiona, b, c | 449 | 207 | 153 | 89 | <.01 | ||||
| Emergency Department | 160 (35.6) | 139 (67.1) | 3 (2.0) | 18 (20.2) | |||||
| Operative Room | 125 (27.8) | 35 (16.9) | 84 (54.9) | 6 (6.7) | |||||
| Intensive Care Unit | 154 (34.3) | 31 (15.0) | 61 (39.9) | 62 (69.7) | |||||
| Other | 10 (2.2) | 2 (1.0) | 5 (3.3) | 3 (3.4) | |||||
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenationa, b | 449 | 36 (8.0) | 207 | 0 (0.0) | 153 | 26 (17.0) | 89 | 10 (11.2) | <.01 |
| Massive transfusion duration (hr) | 449 | 3.5 [1.5–6.1] | 207 | 3.0 [1.3–5.7] | 153 | 3.8 [1.9–6.7] | 89 | 4.0 [1.1–6.6] | 0.11 |
| Any red blood cells | 449 | 413 (92.0) | 207 | 191 (92.3) | 153 | 145 (94.8) | 89 | 77 (86.5) | 0.07 |
| Red blood cells (mL/kg)a, c | 449 | 30.2 [15.5–62.3] | 207 | 25.3 [12.5–48.9] | 153 | 48.5 [23.4–87.4] | 89 | 26.4 [10.8–51.8] | <.01 |
| Time to red blood cells (min) | 405 | 8.0 [0.0–42.0] | 187 | 8.0 [0.0–44.0] | 142 | 7.0 [0.0–40.0] | 76 | 11.5 [0.0–45.5] | 0.75 |
| Any plasma | 449 | 359 (80.0) | 207 | 161 (77.8) | 153 | 125 (81.7) | 89 | 73 (82.0) | 0.57 |
| Plasma (mL/kg)a | 449 | 17.1 [4.84–35.6] | 207 | 13.2 [3.57–27.0] | 153 | 22.0 [8.57–48.1] | 89 | 18.1 [5.94–39.5] | <.01 |
| Time to plasma (min) | 347 | 34.0 [15.0–77.0] | 156 | 33.5 [17.5–74.0] | 123 | 39.0 [12.0–83.0] | 68 | 30.0 [15.5–65.0] | 0.86 |
| Any plateletsa, b | 449 | 297 (66.1) | 207 | 120 (58.0) | 153 | 111 (72.5) | 89 | 66 (74.2) | <.01 |
| Platelets (mL/kg)a, b | 449 | 7.30 [0.00–19.8] | 207 | 3.85 [0.00–13.5] | 153 | 13.3 [0.00–33.3] | 89 | 10.4 [0.00–19.8] | <.01 |
| Time to platelets (min) | 293 | 42.0 [15.0–102]. | 118 | 42.0 [20.0–73.0] | 109 | 43.0 [13.0–118]. | 66 | 42.0 [14.0–111]. | 0.96 |
| Any cryoprecipitatea | 449 | 152 (33.9) | 207 | 49 (23.7) | 153 | 71 (46.4) | 89 | 32 (36.0) | <.01 |
| Total blood product (mL/kg)a, c | 449 | 61.3 [29.0–123]. | 207 | 45.0 [21.0–85.3] | 153 | 98.4 [50.6–172]. | 89 | 55.8 [29.0–109]. | <.01 |
| Any crystalloid | 449 | 346 (77.1) | 207 | 163 (78.7) | 153 | 116 (75.8) | 89 | 67 (75.3) | 0.73 |
| Crystalloid (mL/kg)a, b | 449 | 18.2 [0.8–51.0] | 207 | 23.1 [2.0–59.2] | 153 | 10.0 [0.6–43.0] | 89 | 14.6 [0.2–45.6] | 0.06 |
| Any tranexamic acid | 449 | 36 (8.0) | 207 | 19 (9.2) | 153 | 9 (5.9) | 89 | 8 (9.0) | 0.49 |
| Any aminocaproic acida | 449 | 19 (4.2) | 207 | 4 (1.9) | 153 | 11 (7.2) | 89 | 4 (4.5) | <.05 |
| Any recombinant factor VIIaa, b | 447 | 56 (12.5) | 206 | 15 (7.3) | 153 | 26 (17.0) | 88 | 15 (17.0) | <.01 |
Abbreviations M median; N number; P probability; Q quartile.
a
P < 0.017 trauma v operative
b
P < 0.017 trauma v medical
c
P < 0.017 operative v medical