Figure 1.

Cross-lagged path analysis models of systolic blood pressure (SBP) with left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and relative wall thickness (RWT) in subjects who did not take anti-hypertensive medications

ρ₁, ρ₂ = cross-lagged path coefficients; r₁ = synchronous correlations; r₂, r₃ = tracking correlations; R² = variance explained; comparative fit index (CFI)=0.93/0.97 for LVMI/RWT; Root mean square residual (RMR)=0.03/0.02 for LVMI/RWT

Models with adjustment for age, race, sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, BMI, heart rate and follow-up years

Coefficients different from 0: * p<0.05, † p<0.01

‡, LVMI was included in the model; §, RWT was included in the model.

‖, P for difference between ρ₁ and ρ₂: p=0.005 for LVMI, p<0.001 for RWT