Table 1.
Descriptive data of the longitudinal cohort by race and sex
| Variable | White |
Black |
P for Race Difference |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (N=285) | Female (N=392) | Male (N=119) | Female (N=188) | Male | Female | |
| Baseline | ||||||
| Age (year) | 36.2 (4.8) | 35.4 (4.6)* | 36.7 (4.6) | 35.2 (5.0)* | 0.285 | 0.603 |
| Smokers, n (%) | 78 (27.4) | 97 (24.7) | 51 (42.9) | 62 (33.0) | 0.002 | 0.038 |
| Drinkers, n (%) | 95 (33.3) | 69 (17.6)* | 75 (63.0) | 44 (23.4)* | <0.001 | 0.099 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.6 (5.3) | 27.6 (6.7) | 28.8 (7.0) | 31.7 (8.5)* | 0.804 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate (beat/min) | 67.6 (8.2) | 70.9 (9.1)* | 70.2 (9.7) | 71.2 (10.1) | 0.007 | 0.702 |
| SBP (mmHg) † | 114 (9) | 108 (9)* | 120 (14) | 114 (12)* | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) † | 78 (7) | 72 (7)* | 79 (10) | 76 (9)* | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) ‡ | 135 (47.4) | 94 (24.0)* | 76 (63.9) | 78 (41.5)* | 0.003 | <0.001 |
| Follow-up | ||||||
| Age (year) | 46.7 (5.3) | 46.2 (5.3) | 46.5 (5.4) | 45.7 (5.6) | 0.622 | 0.391 |
| Smokers, n (%) | 66 (23.2) | 99 (25.3) | 50 (42.0) | 48 (25.5)* | <0.001 | 0.943 |
| Drinkers, n (%) | 115 (40.4) | 120 (30.6)* | 55 (46.2) | 42 (22.3)* | 0.276 | 0.038 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.3 (5.7) | 29.7 (7.2) | 30.4 (7.6) | 33.8 (8.6)* | 0.963 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate (beat/min) | 68.7 (10.0) | 72.4 (9.5)* | 72.0 (10.1) | 72.3 (10.5) | 0.003 | 0.959 |
| SBP (mmHg) † | 121 (12) | 115 (13)* | 127 (16) | 119 (17)* | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) † | 81 (8) | 76 (9)* | 83 (10) | 79 (11)* | 0.001 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) ‡ | 198 (69.5) | 188 (48.0)* | 96 (80.7) | 135 (71.8) | 0.021 | <0.001 |
Data are presented in means (SD) or n (%).
Sex difference within racial groups:
*
p<0.05
BMI=body mass index; SBP=systolic blood pressure; DBP=diastolic blood pressure
†
, BP in participants who did not take anti-hypertensive medications
‡
, Hypertension was defined as SBP/DBP>=130/80 mmHg or taking anti-hypertensive medications.