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. 2021 Sep 20;78(5):1478–1489. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17797

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© 2021 The Authors.

Hypertension is published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited, the use is noncommercial, and no modifications or adaptations are made.

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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Figure 3. — Association of blood pressure(variability) (BP(V)) with dementia and cognitive impairment following multilevel meta-analysis. Odds ratio (OR) for mean blood pressure is presented by 10 (systolic) or 5 (diastolic) mm Hg. OR for BPV is presented per 1-unit change in the BPV metric. ^aEffect size reported separately for group with and without vascular risk factors or disease. ^bEffect sizes reported separately for young and old group.