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. 2021 Oct 14;7:94. doi: 10.1038/s41531-021-00239-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — The metabolites highlighted in bold have been targeted and detected in this study. Both Tyr and l-DOPA are significantly increased in iPD patients (arrows and text in green). TH tyrosine hydroxylases, DDC dopa decarboxylase, MOA monoamine oxidase, DOPAL 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde; toxic intermediate, ALDH aldehyde dehydrogenase, DOPAC 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and COMT catechol-O-methyltransferase.