Table 1.
Genetic instruments for serum calcium and 25(OH)D concentrations.
| Exposure | Data source | SNPs | VE% | F-statistica | Mean concentrationb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calcium | Meta-analysis of 28 GWASs | 7 | 0.9 | 47/111 | 2.4 mmol/L |
| Calcium | UK Biobank | 198 | 10.5 | 17/41 | 2.4 mmol/L |
| 25(OH)D | Meta-analysis of 31 and 17 GWASs | 7 | 5.3 | 263/623 | NA |
| 25(OH)D | UK Biobank | 143 | 7.5 | 18/42 | 49.6 nmol/L |
25(OH)D 25-hydroxyvitamin D, GWAS genome-wide association study, NA not available, VE variance explained, SNP single-nucleotide polymorphism.
aF-statistic was calculated based on the variance explained by used SNPs in the exposure GWAS and the sample size of GWAS by Deelen et al. or Pilling et al.
bThe between-participant SDs for calcium concentrations in the meta-analysis of GWAS and UK Biobank were 0.12 and ~0.09 mmol/L, respectively. The SD for 25(OH)D concentrations in the UK Biobank was ~21.14 nmol/L.