Table 1.
Study participant’s characteristics.
| Variable | Control (N = 80) | GDM (N = 80) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participant | |||||
| Gravidity, M (Q1–Q3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 0.750 | ||
| Parity, M (Q1–Q3) | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) | 0.950 | ||
| PCOS, n (%) | 2 (2.5) | 7 (8.8) | 0.086 | ||
| Smoking history, n (%) | 2 (2.5) | 1 (1.3) | 0.560 | ||
| Drink history, n (%) | 3 (3.8) | 3 (3.8) | 1 | ||
| Demographic characteristics, Mean ± SD, range | |||||
| Maternal age (years) | 31.6 ± 4.3 | 23.0–43.0 | 32.0 ± 4.5 | 24.0–45.0 | 0.617 |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 12.7 ± 0.7 | 10.0–14.4 | 12.6 ± 0.8 | 9.9–14.3 | 0.634 |
| Pre-pregnant BMI (kg/m2) | 20.4 ± 2.6 | 16.2–30.9 | 22.4 ± 3.2 | 16.7–31.9 | < 0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 77.3 ± 7.5 | 63.0–108.0 | 82.0 ± 9.2 | 58.0–107.5 | < 0.001 |
| 75 g OGTT in second trimester, Mean ± SD, range | |||||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 4.4 ± 0.3 | 3.8–5.0 | 4.9 ± 0.5 | 3.9–5.9 | < 0.001 |
| 1-h post-OGTT (mmol/L) | 6.4 ± 0.9 | 3.5–7.7 | 9.3 ± 1.6 | 5.0–13.0 | < 0.001 |
| 2-h post-OGTT (mmol/L) | 5.7 ± 0.6 | 3.8–6.6 | 8.2 ± 1.4 | 4.0–11.3 | < 0.001 |
Abbreviation: M median; (Q1–Q3), interquartile ranges, PCOS polycystic ovary syndrome.