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. 2021 Oct 14;11:20464. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-99665-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Disrupted structural organization of the envelope of dividing E. coli cells, as detected after exposure to THz radiation. (a–d) Examples of two dividing bacterial cells at low and high magnification with V-shaped invaginations in the envelope (indicated by arrows) in control. (e,f) Multiple V-shaped invaginations and breaches in the envelope of irradiated bacteria at low and high magnification (indicated by arrows). (g,h) Asymmetric unilateral formation of numerous folds in the envelope in the central part of an irradiated cell. The scale bar is 0.5 μm in (a–c); 0.2 μm in (d–h); and 2 μm in (i,j).