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. 2021 Oct 1;9:737627. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.737627

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Copyright © 2021 Melamed, Politi, Grauer, Achdout, Aftalion, Gur, Tamir, Yahalom-Ronen, Maimon, Yitzhak, Weiss, Rosner, Erez, Yitzhaki, Shapira, Paran, Mamroud, Vagima and Israely.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Total activity of 4 Syrian golden hamsters in their home cage recorded continuously over 20 days using the HCMS100. (A) HCMS100 schematic outline: A single retroreflective sensor is located externally to each cage at the feeding zone area (1); multiple cages with 4 hamsters/cage are located on a cage rack wired with an individual sensor for each cage (2). The detectors are connected to a communication controller (3) with a light sensor to enable data collection and analysis of circadian activity in the cage (4). (B) Activity counts of a group of 4 hamsters in a home cage in 10 min bins with lights on from 5 am to 5 pm. Cumulative activity record resets at light change (5 am/5 pm). (C) Total counts of activity during nighttime (5 pm–5 am) vs daytime (5 am–5 pm) over 20 days (D) Activity counts for the same group of hamsters averaged (±SEM) in 10 min bins over 20 days to demonstrate the overall pattern of nocturnal increase in activity, peaking approximately 1–2 h into the dark cycle.