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. 2021 Oct 1;9:736960. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.736960

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Copyright © 2021 Umair, Farooq Khan, Aldrees, Nashabat, Alhamoudi, Bilal, Alyafee, Al Tuwaijri, Aldarwish, Al-Rumayyan, Alkhalaf, Wadaan and Alfadhel.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Knockdown of zebrafish vwa8 revealed severe scoliosis. Representative images of zebrafish embryos showing the whole embryos (top panel) and same embryos at high magnification (bottom penal) at 72 hpf. (A,A1) The control embryos developed normally and did not show any sign of toxicity and embryonic abnormality. The notochord (NC) is organized as a straight structure in control embryos shown by black lines. The vwa8-i1e2 morphants showed various degrees of scoliosis. (B,B1) Around 30% of the vwa8-i1e2 morphants (n = 250) had 90° curvature in the middle body; these embryos were also smaller than control embryos. The curvature of the notochord is more visible in the magnified image. (C,C1,D,D1) 20% of vwa8-i1e2 morphants (n = 250) showed bending of trunk region more toward posterior part, and disorganization of the notochord (NC) is quite evident in panel (C1). The morphants were also of smaller size in total length as compared to control.