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. 2021 Oct 1;12:730289. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730289

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Copyright © 2021 Xu, Zhang, Sun, Geng, Yuan, Liu and Chen

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The tryptophan catabolic pathway in glioma. AFMID, kynurenine formamidase; AHR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor; HAAO, 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase; IDO, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase; KATs, kynurenine amino transferases I–III; KMO, kynurenine 3-monooxygenase; KYNU, kynureninase; TDO, tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase.