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. 2021 Oct 1;12:728685. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.728685

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Copyright © 2021 Salerno-Gonçalves, Rezwan, Luo, Tettelin and Sztein

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of S. Typhi infection on B cell function. B-LCLs were infected with S. Typhi for 3 hours at 1:10 multiplicity of infection (MOI). Uninfected cells were used as controls. After 16-18 hours of gentamicin treatment, cells were co-cultured with PBMC. After 3, 6 and 16 hours of co-culture, cells were collected, and the B cell expression of CSA, HLA-G, and IL-10 were evaluated by flow cytometry. (A) Levels of IL-10 among B-LCL subsets (i.e., HLA-G+ CSA-, HLA-G- CSA+, and HLA-G+ CSA+). Bar graphs extend from the 25^th to 75^th percentiles; the line in the middle represents the median of the pooled data. The whiskers delineate the smallest to the largest value. Kinetics of (B) HLA-G+ IL-10- and (C) HLA-G+ IL-10+ expression on UN and INF B-LCLs alone or after exposure to PBMC. For (B, C) and “C”, Student’s t-test was performed to compare B-LCL subset levels after exposure to PBMC. *, represent significant differences (P<0.05) between the UN () and INF B-LCLs () in the presence of PBMC at the same timepoint. (D) A presentative experiment showing the expression of IL-10 on UN and INF B-LCLs.

Inline graphic — Effect of S. Typhi infection on B cell function. B-LCLs were infected with S. Typhi for 3 hours at 1:10 multiplicity of infection (MOI). Uninfected cells were used as controls. After 16-18 hours of gentamicin treatment, cells were co-cultured with PBMC. After 3, 6 and 16 hours of co-culture, cells were collected, and the B cell expression of CSA, HLA-G, and IL-10 were evaluated by flow cytometry. (A) Levels of IL-10 among B-LCL subsets (i.e., HLA-G+ CSA-, HLA-G- CSA+, and HLA-G+ CSA+). Bar graphs extend from the 25^th to 75^th percentiles; the line in the middle represents the median of the pooled data. The whiskers delineate the smallest to the largest value. Kinetics of (B) HLA-G+ IL-10- and (C) HLA-G+ IL-10+ expression on UN and INF B-LCLs alone or after exposure to PBMC. For (B, C) and “C”, Student’s t-test was performed to compare B-LCL subset levels after exposure to PBMC. *, represent significant differences (P<0.05) between the UN () and INF B-LCLs () in the presence of PBMC at the same timepoint. (D) A presentative experiment showing the expression of IL-10 on UN and INF B-LCLs.