Table 1.
Prevalence of anaphylaxis and causative agents
| Country (year) | Method (sample size) | Causative agent | Prevalence of anaphylaxis |
|---|---|---|---|
| South Korea (2020) [7] | Web based survey (n = 558) | Food | Children and adolescents (84.8%): hen’s egg (25.4%), cow’s milk (18.0%), walnut (9.5%), wheat (8.1%), peanut (4.9%), kiwi (4.2%), pine nut (3.9%), buckwheat (3.2%), soybean (1.8%) |
| Adults (28.3%): shrimp (22.2%), wheat (19.0%), crab (6.3%), soybean (3.2%), peanut (3.2%), beef (3.2%), pork (3.2%) | |||
| Drugs | Children and adolescents (7.2%): analgesics (54.2%), antibiotic (16.7%) | ||
| Adults (53.8%): antibiotics (50.0%, the most common is cefaclor), analgesics (18.5%), H2 blockers (17.7%), radiocontrast media (1.5%) | |||
| Insect | Children and adolescents (0.3%) | ||
| Adults (8.1%) | |||
| China (2016) [8] | National database (n=1,952) | Food | Children and adolescents (85.6%): cereal (23.9%), wheat (16.2%), fruit/vegetables (27.2%), tree nuts (4.7%) |
| Adults (74.4%): cereal (47.0%), wheat (43.8%), fruit/vegetables (18.6%), tree nuts (7.9%) | |||
| Drugs | Children and adolescents (2.8%): herb (41.7%), immunotherapy (33.3%), antibiotic (25.0%) | ||
| Adults (8.6%): herb (36.6%), antibiotic (24.4%), NSAID (17.6%), immunotherapy (9.2%) | |||
| Insect | Children and adolescents (0%) | ||
| Adults (0.9%) | |||
| German-speaking countries (2018) [9] | National database (n=7,316) | Food | Children and adolescents (60.0%) |
| Adults (16.0%) | |||
| Drugs | Children and adolescents (7.0%) | ||
| Adults (22.0%) | |||
| Insect | Children and adolescents (22.0%) | ||
| Adults (52.0%) | |||
| US (2019) [10] | National database (n=462,906) | Food | From 2004 to 2016 for all age groups: incidence increased from 86.3 per 1000 person-years to 239.2 per 1,000 person-years |
| Shellfish-related anaphylaxis: increased from 6.2% to 10.2% | |||
| Peanut-related anaphylaxis: increased from 22.6% to 34.0% | |||
| Insect | Venom and stings-induced anaphylaxis: fell from 57.0% in 2004 to 38.0% in 2016 | ||
| European countries (2014) [11] | National database (n=3,333) | Food | Children (64.9%) |
| Adults (20.2%) | |||
| Peanut (18.0%), wheat (8.3%), hen’s egg (7.8%), cow’s milk (7.8%), fruits (7.3%) | |||
| Drugs | Children (4.8%) | ||
| Adults (22.4%) | |||
| Penicillin (17.6%), cephalosporines (11.8%), metamizole (10.0%), immunotherapy (10.0%), radiocontrast agent (4.4%) | |||
| Insect | Children and adolescents (20.2%) | ||
| Adults (48.2%) | |||
| Australia (2015) [12] | Hospital admission data | Food | From 2005–2006 to 2011–2012 (fold increase from previous time point) |
| Children: aged 0 to 4 years (increase from 21.7 to 30.3), aged 5 to 14 years (increase from 5.8 to 12.1), aged 15 to 29 years (increase from 6.7 to 10.3) | |||
| Adults (increase from 3.4 to 4.3) | |||
| Drugs | From 2005–2006 to 2011–2012 (fold increase from previous time point) | ||
| Children: aged 0 to 4 years (decrease from 0.2 to 0.1), aged 5 to 14 years (increase from 0.6 to 2.4), aged 15 to 29 years (increase from 2.1 to 4.9) | |||
| Adults (increase from 4.2 to 16.4) | |||
| Spain (2015) [13] | Hospital admission data (n=11,336) | Food | From 1998–2011 (adjusted rates per 100,000 person-years) |
| Foods (19.6%): increase from 0.16 to 0.82 | |||
| The three most frequently involved foods were milk, eggs, and fish | |||
| Drugs | From 1998–2011 (adjusted rates per 100,000 person-years) | ||
| Drugs (42.5%): increase from 0.64 to 1.03 | |||
| Four different classes of drugs (β-lactam antibiotics, NSAIDs, antineoplastic drugs, and diagnostic drugs) |
NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.