Table 2.

Severity-related factors for anaphylaxis

Factor	Child	Adult
Advanced age [47,58]	Milder reactions for VIA	Higher risk in adults (age around > 40 years) for VIA
Bronchial asthma [19]	√	√
The symptoms began less than 5 minutes after the allergen exposure [59]	√	-
Severe cardiovascular disease [19]	√	√
Drugs (promote mast cell activation, leukotriene secretion such as NSAIDs) [19]	√	√
Elevated baseline tryptase levels [47]	√	√
Hereditary α-tryptasemia [60]	Cases of VIA and idiopathic anaphylaxis	Cases of VIA and idiopathic anaphylaxis
Mastocytosis [60]	√	Cases of VIA

VIA, venom-induced anaphylaxis; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.