TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the studies included in the review.
| Included studies (author, year) | Species(Sex, n = experimental/control group) | Weight (g) | Method of modeling | The criteria for modeling successfully | Type of intervention | Dosage (mg/kg/d) | Intervention duration (week) | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| An et al. (2017) | SD rats (male 20/9) | 225 ± 25 | HFD (4w)+STZI (60 mg/kg) | 1. FBG>16.7 mmol/L (72 h of STZI) 2. Symptoms such as obvious polyuria (72 h of STZI) | T: TG C: SG | 0.2/0.4 | 4 | 1. 24-h urinary albumin |
| Dong et al. (2017) | SD rats (male 24/12) | 225 ± 25 | HFD (4w)+STZI (60 mg/kg) | 1. FBG>16.7 mmol/L (72 h of STZI) 2. Symptoms such as obvious polyuria (72 h of STZI) | T: TG C: SG | 0.2/0.4 | 4 | 1. 24-h urinary protein |
| Fan et al. (2018) | C57BL/6-Ins2Akita (male 24/8) | NM | / | NM | T: TG C: SG | 0.025/0.050/0.100 | 8 | 1. 24-h urinary albumin 2. SCr 3. BUN |
| Gao et al. (2009) | BKS db/db diabetic mice (male: female = 1:1 36/18) | NM | / | NM | T: TG C: SG | 0.025/0.050 | 12 | 1. 24-h urinary albumin |
| Guo et al. (2016) | SD rats (male 45/15) | Unavailable data from the graph | HFD (4w)+STZI (30 mg/kg) | 1. Rats with blood glucose levels>16.7 mmol/L | T: TG C: distilled water | 6/12/24 | 4 | 1. 24- h urinary albumin 2. BUN |
| Han et al. (2017) | SD rats (male 10/10) | 170 ± 10 | HFD (6w)+STZI (30 mg/Kg/d, 3 days) | 1. FBG>16.7 mmol/L (72 h of STZI) 2.24 h UMA levels>30 mg (2 weeks of DME) | T: TG C: SG | 0.10 | 12 | 1. 24-h urinary albumin 2. SCr 3. BUN |
| Han (2018) | SD rats (male 10/10) | 170 ± 10 | HFD (8w)+STZI (30 mg/kg) | 1. Random blood glucose levels of 2 or more times> 16.7 mmol/L (1 week of STZI) 2. Obvious increase of UMA level compared to NC group (6 weeks of DME) | T: TG C: DMSO | 0.10 | 12 | 1. 24-h urinary albumin 2. SCr 3. BUN |
| Li et al. (2013) | SD rats (male 8/8) | 200 g ± 20 | HFD (8w)+STZI (30 mg/kg) | 1. Blood glucose levels ≥16.7 mmol/L (1 week of STZI) 2.ISI ≤ ALN (1 week of STZI) | T: TG C: SG | 0.2 | 8 | 1. UACR 2. SCr 3. BUN |
| Li et al. (2015) | SD rats (male 15/15) | 230 g ± 20 | HFD (4w)+STZI (30 mg/kg) | 1. Random blood glucose levels ≥16.7 mmol/L (5 days of STZI) | T: TG C: edible vegetable oil | 0.2 | 4 | 1. 24-h urinary albumin |
| Li et al. (2017) | SD rats (male 11/12) | NM | HFD (8w)+STZI (30 mg/kg) | 1. Random blood glucose levels ≥16.7 mmol/L (72 h of STZI) 2.24 h UMA levels ≥30 mg (NM) | T: TG C: SG | 0.2 | 12 | 1. 24-h urinary albumin 2. SCr 3. BUN |
| Liu et al. (2014) | SD rats (male 8/8) | 190 ± 10 | STZI (60 mg/kg) | 1. Blood glucose level ≥16.7 mmol/L (72 h of STZI) | T: TG C: SG | 0.2 | 8 | 1. 24-h urinary albumin 2. SCr 3. BUN |
| Ma et al. (2008) | Wistar rats (male 7/7) | 200 ± 20 | HFD (4w)+STZI (30 mg/kg) | 1. Blood glucose level ≥16.7 mmol/L (1 week of STZI) 2. Blood pressure ≥ ALN (1 week of STZI) 3. Blood lipid ≥ ALN (1 week of STZI) 4. ISI ≤ ALN (1 week of STZI) | T: TG C: SG | 0.2 | 12 | 1. UACR 2. SCr |
| Ma et al. (2009) | Wistar rats (male 12/12) | 200 ± 20 | HFD (8w)+ STZI (30 mg/kg) | 1. Blood glucose level ≥16.7 mmol/L (1 week of STZI) 2. Blood pressure ≥ ALN (1 week of STZI) 3. Blood lipid ≥ ALN (1 week of STZI) 4.ISI ≤ ALN (1 week of STZI) | T: TG C: NaCMC | 0.10 | 8 | 1. UACR |
| Ma et al. (2010) | Wistar rats (14/14) | 200 ± 20 | HFD (8w)+ STZI (30 mg/kg) | 1. FBG ≥10.0 mmol/L (1 week of STZI) 2. ISI ≤ ALN (1 week of STZI) | T: TG C: NaCMC | 0.2 | 8 | 1. UACR 2. SCr |
| Ma et al. (2013) | Wistar rats (male 12/11) | 200 ± 20 | HFD (8w)+ STZI (30 mg/kg) | NM | T: TG C: DMSO | 0.1 | 8 | 1. UACR 2. SCr 3. BUN |
| Ma et al. (2009) | Wistar rats (male 14/14) | 200 ± 20 | HFD (8w)+ STZI (30 mg/kg) | 1. FBG ≥10.0 mmol/L (1 week of STZI) 2. ISI ≤ ALN (1 week of STZI) | T: TG C: DMSO | 0.2 | 8 | 1. 24-h urinary albumin 2. SCr |
| Ren et al. (2020) | BKS-db/db mice (male 6/6) | 38.25 ± 1.42 | / | NM | T: TG C: SG | 0.05 | 8 | 1. 24-h urinary albumin 2. Plasma Cr |
| Wang et al. (2013) | SD rats (male 16/16) | 200 ± 20 | HFD (8w)+ STZI (30 mg/kg) | 1. Blood glucose levels ≥16. 7 mmol/L (1 week of STZI) 2. ISI ≤ ALN (1 week of STZI) | T: TG C: SG | 0.2 | 8 | 1.UACR 2.Scr 3.BUN |
| Wang and Yu (2017a) | SD rats (male 10/10) | 190 ± 20 | STZI (65 mg/kg) | 1. Blood glucose levels ≥16. 7 mmol/L (1 week of STZI) 2. Glycosuria levels ≥ +++ (three consecutive days after 1 week of STZI) | T: TG C: SG | 0.2 | 8 | 1.24 h urinary protein 2.Scr |
| Wang and Yu (2017b) | SD rats (male 10/10) | 190 ± 20 | STZI (65 mg/kg) | 1. Blood glucose levels ≥16. 7 mmol/L (1 week of STZI) 2. Glycosuria levels ≥ +++ (three consecutive days after 1 week of STZI) | T: TG C: SG | 0.2 | 8 | 1.24 h urinary protein 2.Scr |
| Wang and Yu (2017c) | SD rats (male 10/10) | 190 ± 20 | STZI (65 mg/kg) | 1. Blood glucose levels ≥16. 7 mmol/L (1 week of STZI) 2. Glycosuria levels ≥ +++ (three consecutive days after 1 week of STZI) | T: TG C: SG | 0.2 | 8 | 1. 24-h urinary protein 2. SCr |
| Xue et al., 2012 | Wistar rats (male 9/7) | 200 ± 20 | HFD(8w) + STZI(30mg/Kg) | 1. Blood glucose levels ≥10.0 mmol/L (1 week of STZI) 2. ISI ≥ ALN (1 week of STZI) | T:TG C:DMSO | 0.2 | 8 | 1. 24 h urinary protein 2. SCr |
| Chen et al. (2018) | SD rats (male 15/15) | 160 ± 8 | HFD (8w)+ STZI (30 mg/kg) | 1. Random blood glucose levels of 2 or more times> 16.7 mmol/L (1 week of STZI) | T: TG C: SG | 0.2 | 12 | 1. 24-h urinary albumin 2. SCr 3. BUN |
| Ye and Hong (2015) | SD rats (male 44/22) | NM | STZI (60 mg/kg) | 1. Blood glucose levels ≥16.7 mmol/L (72 h of STZI) 2. Glycosuria levels ≥ +++ (three consecutive days after 72 h of STZ injection) | T: TG C: SG | 0.2 | 12 | 1. 24-h urinary albumin |
| You et al. (2015) | SD rats (male 13/13) | 170 ± 10 | STZI (52 mg/kg/d, 5 days) | 1. Blood glucose levels ≥16.7 mmol/L (72 h of STZI) 2. Glycosuria levels ≥ +++ (72 h of STZI) | T: TG C: drinking water | NM | 8 | 1. 24-h urinary albumin |
| Zhu (2013) | SD rats (male 44/22) | 180 ± 20 | STZI (60 mg/kg) | 1. Blood glucose levels ≥16.7 mmol/L (72 h of STZI) 2. Glycosuria levels ≥ +++ (three consecutive days after 72 h of STZ injection) | T: TG C: SG | 0.2/0.4 | 12 | 1. 24-h urinary albumin 2. SCr 3. BUN |
| NM: no mentioned | HFD: high fat diet | STZI: STZ injection | FBG: fasting blood glucose | ALN: the average levels of normal animals | TG: triptolide gavage | SG: 0.9% saline gavage | DME: diabetes model established | |
| Dong et al. (2017) | SD rats (male 12/12) | 225 ± 25 | HFD (4w)+STZ (60 mg/kg) | 1. FBG>16.7 mmol/L (72 h) 2. Symptoms such as obvious polyuria (72 h of STZI) | T: TG P: benazepril hydrochloride | T:0.2/0.4 P:10 | 4 | 1. 24-h urinary protein |
| An et al. (2017) | SD rats (male 10/10) | 225 ± 25 | HFD (4w)+STZI (60 mg/kg) | 1. FBG>16.7 mmol/L (72 h of STZI) 2. Symptoms such as obvious polyuria (72 h of STZI) | T: TG P: benazepril hydrochloride | T:0.2/0.4 P:10 | 4 | 1. 24-h urinary albumin |
| Gao et al. (2009) | db/db diabetic mice (male:female = 1:1 18/18) | NM | / | NM | T: TG P: valsartan | T:0.025/0.050 P:20 | 12 | 1. 24-h urinary albumin |
| Li et al. (2013) | SD rats (male 8/8) | 200 g ± 20 | HFD (8w)+STZ (30 mg/kg) | 1. Blood glucose levels ≥16.7 mmol/L (1 week of STZI) 2. ISI ≤ ALN (1 week of STZI) | T: TG P: irbesartan | T:0.2 P:50 | 8 | 1. UACR 2. SCr 3. BUN |
| Ma et al. (2009) | Wistar rats (male 14/14) | 200 ± 20 | HFD (8w)+ STZ (30 mg/kg) | 1. FBG ≥10.0 mmol/L (1 week of STZI) 2. ISI ≤ ALN (1 week of STZI) | T: TG P: irbesartan | T:0.2 P:50 | 8 | 1. 24-h urinary albumin 2. SCr |
| Ren et al. (2020) | BKS-db/db mice (male 6/6) | 38.25 ± 1.42 | NM | NM | T: TG P: telmisartan | T:0.050 P:5 | 8 | 1. 24-h urinary albumin 2. Plasma cr |
| NM: no mentioned | HFD: high-fat diet | STZI: STZ injection | FBG: fasting blood glucose | ALN: the average levels of normal animals | TG: triptolide gavage | SG: 0.9% saline gavage |