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. 2021 Oct 1;12:732608. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.732608

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Copyright © 2021 Li, Hensel, Melzer, Junker, Tschiersch, Ruwe, Arend, Kumlehn, Börner and Stein.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Determination of photosynthetic parameters and growth dynamics of Hvcmf3 mutant and wild type control plants. (A–E) Measurement of photosynthetic parameters during early developmental stages. Results are presented as means ± SE. Student’s t-test significant levels, ^∗p < 0.05; ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001. Four to eight plants per genotype were analyzed. The level of significance is given for paired comparisons of either genotype within the two categories. The raw data of the LemnaTec traits is provided in Supplementary Dataset 4, and p-values are provided in Supplementary Dataset 5. ETR, electron transport rate; Φ_PSII, photosystem II operating efficiency; qP, fraction of PSII centers that are ‘open’ based on the puddle model; F_v/F_m, maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry measured in the dark-adapted state; NPQ, non-photochemical quenching. (F) Plant growth dynamics. Left panel is yellow/green pixel ratio, and right panel is projected leaf area.