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. 2021 Oct 1;12:732608. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.732608

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Copyright © 2021 Li, Hensel, Melzer, Junker, Tschiersch, Ruwe, Arend, Kumlehn, Börner and Stein.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Quantification of chloroplast architecture components. (A) Diagram for demonstrating the chloroplast length, width, and surface area. (B) Illustration demonstrating the counting of thylakoid. (C–H) Comparison of chloroplast morphology and grana architecture between wild type and Hvcmf3 mutants at developmental stages 3 days after germination. Chloroplast length (C), chloroplast width (D), chloroplast cross-sectional area (E), grana number (F), grana height (G), and thylakoid distance (H). Results are presented as means ± SE. t-test significant level: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001, n.s, not significant. Number of chloroplast analyzed n ≥ 24. The exact p-values are provided in Supplementary Dataset 6.