Table 1.

Advantages and disadvantages of prospective Ischemic Stroke treatments.

Treatment	Advantages	Disadvantages
MSCs	Abundant, No Ethical Problems, Can Differentiate into Mature Neurons, Beneficial Cytokines, Most Studied Stem Cell Type	Vary from different sources and show different efficacy in different patients, risk for infection
NSCs	Cell Replacement and Paracrine Potential, Positive Results in Clinical Trials	Ethical Problems, Limited Cell Sources, risk for infection
Other Stem Cells (DPSCs, HFSCs)	DPSCs: Superior to MSCs in Pre-clinical Models, Easily Obtainable, Increased Homing to Ischemic Areas HFSCs: Easily Obtainable, Can Cross BBB Without BBB Permeabilizer	Difficult to keep quality control, not fully explored yet, risk for infection
Modified Stem Cells	Better localization and can be used to address all the limitations from other sources	Safety issue of materials Risk for infection
Extracellular Vesicles	Smaller in size, can easily cross BBB, easy to modify	Difficult to characterize and monitor inside the system, limited numbers
Conditioned Media	Paracrine Effects, fewer side effects compared to cell transplantation	Risk for contamination of unknown components