Table 1. Characteristics of studies used to fit the model.
| Strain | Author (year
published) |
Pubmed ID | Sample
size |
Country/
region |
Years sampled | Assay | Antigen | Assay cut-off |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCoV-HKU1 | Chan (2009) | 19342289 | 709 | Hong Kong | Not specified | ELISA (IgG) | S protein | Mean + 3SD (OD>0.495) |
| Zhou (2013) a | 24040960 | 789 | China | 1999 – 2011 | IFA (IgG) | S protein | >1:20 | |
| HCoV-OC43 | Zhou (2013) a | 24040960 | 789 | China | 1999 – 2011 | IFA (IgG) | S protein | >1:20 |
| Monto (1974) c | 4816305 | 910 | USA | 1965 – 1969 | CF or HI | Whole virus | <1:8 to >1:8 or 4-fold rise | |
| Sarateanu (1980) | 6248465 | 3,016 | Germany | 1974 – 1976 | HI | Whole virus | >1:8 | |
| HCoV-NL63 | Shao (2007) b | 17889596 | 243 | USA | 2003 – 2004 | ELISA (IgG) | N protein | OD>0.2 at dilution of 1:80 or greater |
| Zhou (2013) a | 24040960 | 789 | China | 1999 – 2011 | IFA (IgG) | S protein | >1:20 | |
| HCoV-229E | Shao (2007) b | 17889596 | 243 | USA | 2003 – 2004 | ELISA (IgG) | N protein | OD>0.2 at dilution of 1:80 or greater |
| Zhou (2013) a | 24040960 | 789 | China | 1999 – 2011 | IFA (IgG) | S protein | >1:20 | |
| Cavallaro (1970) c | 5504709 | 307 | USA | 1966 | Neutralization | Whole virus | >1:4 |
Human coronavirus (HCoV), Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), immunofluorescence assays (IFA), complement fixation (CF), hemagglutination inhibition assays (HI), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), standard deviation (SD), optical density (OD). Studies which occurred in the same setting are denoted by the superscripts, a, b and c.