Table 1. Patient Characteristics and Intraoperative Data.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Dexmedetomidine group | Control group | |
| Total patients, No. | 344 | 331 |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 70.1 (5.8) | 70.4 (6.5) |
| Height, mean (SD), cm | 163.3 (11.7) | 163.0 (14.6) |
| Weight, mean (SD), kg | 60.0 (9.5) | 59.3 (9.6) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 22.3 (2.9) | 22.0 (3.0) |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 122 (35.5) | 108 (32.6) |
| Male | 222 (64.5) | 223 (67.4) |
| Educational level | ||
| None | 127 (36.9) | 115 (34.7) |
| Primary school | 180 (52.3) | 162 (48.9) |
| Secondary school | 23 (6.7) | 41 (12.4) |
| College | 14 (4.1) | 13 (3.9) |
| ASA classificationa | ||
| 1 | 18 (5.2) | 12 (3.6) |
| 2 | 233 (67.7) | 231 (69.8) |
| 3 | 93 (27.0) | 88 (26.6) |
| Method of surgery | ||
| Laparoscopic | 162 (47.1) | 137 (41.4) |
| Open | 182 (52.9) | 194 (58.6) |
| Anatomical site of surgery | ||
| Gastric | 141 (41.0) | 142 (42.9) |
| Intestinal | 102 (29.7) | 100 (30.2) |
| Otherb | 101 (29.4) | 89 (26.9) |
| Time, mean (SD), min | ||
| Anesthetic | 206.08 (73.12) | 211.92 (78.44) |
| Surgical | 183.39 (69.87) | 190.14 (73.64) |
| Sufentanil, mean (SD), μgc | 41.2 (10.3) | 43.1 (8.6) |
| Remifentanil, mean (SD), μgc | 1779.4 (946.7) | 2040.0 (1172.5) |
| Bleeding, median (IQR), mLf | 100 (50-200) | 100 (50-200) |
| Crystalloid solution, median (IQR), mLd | 1000 (850-1500) | 1000 (1000-1500) |
| Colloidal solution, median (IQR) mLd | 500 (500-500) | 500 (500-500) |
| Urine output, median (IQR), mLc,d | 300 (200-450) | 250 (200-400) |
Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared).
a
Class 1 indicates normal health; class 2, mild systemic disease; and class 3, severe systemic disease that is not life-threatening.
b
Includes surgery of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and appendix.
c
Intraoperative characteristics with significant differences between 2 groups.
d
Values were rounded to the nearest 100 mL.