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. 2021 Oct 8;14:3145–3161. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S320863

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© 2021 Chadwick et al.

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The evolution of precision pain medicine depends on identification of the risk factors and modulating variables that contribute to acute pain burden and the risk for transition to chronic pain. We highlight the contributions of two broad categories of factors, modifiable and non-modifiable, that contribute to risk for transition from acute to chronic pain. The combination of factors may provide insight into a patient’s individual profile of risk for transitioning to chronic pain and point to novel pain therapeutic strategies designed to target individual mechanisms of risk. Anesthesia/analgesia can control acute pain (a primary risk factor for the development of chronic pain) and may also be used to treat chronic pain; however, efficacy can be affected by genetic factors and these should be integrated into any precision pain medicine approach. Created with BioRender.com.