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. 2021 Jul 24;60(39):21583–21591. doi: 10.1002/anie.202107599

Figure 3.

Figure 3

HAXPES spectra of Sn 4d core levels of FASnI3 films prepared without (“ref.”) and with 10 mol % of SnF2, SnI2 (excess), SnF4 and SnI4, measured using a) 2 keV and b) 6 keV excitation and normalized to maximum intensity (after background subtraction). The used additives are labelled next to the corresponding spectra. The grey‐filled boxes denote the binding energy of Sn 4d5/2 of Sn‐based reference compounds reported in the literature.[ 30 , 37 , 38 , 39 ] “Sn2+ pvsk/X” stands for perovskite (tin halide salt) compounds with various ASnX3 (SnX2) compositions. “Sn4+ pvsk/X” stands for perovskite (organotin halide) compounds with various ASnX6 (Ph3SnX) compositions.