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. 2021 Oct 5;232(3):973–1122. doi: 10.1111/nph.17572

Fig. 23.

Fig. 23

Experimental design adopting a multiple tracer study to quantify resource uptake rates along spatial (soil depth), temporal (season) and chemical (water, nitrogen, cations) niche axes (Jesch et al., 2018). The spatial and chemical axes are quantified in the same subplot, whereas different subplots are used to assess temporal niche differentiation. Reproduced with permission from the British Ecological Society.