Table 6.
Pharmacokinetic parameters of ginsenosides and its formulations in rats
| Dosage | t1/2 | Cmax | Tmax | Vd/F | CL/F (CL) | AUC0-∞ | MRT | Bioavailability | RefS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nao-Qing emulsion 0.6 mg/kg (Rg1, pr.nar.) | 56.1723 h | 16.65 μg/mL | 0.08 h | 0.082 | 0.0443 | 592.92 μg·h/mL | 17.12 h | NA | [167] |
| Nao-Qing emulsion 0.6 mg/kg (Rg1, ig) | 7.9127 h | 11.29 μg/mL | 1.00 h | 0.0673 | 0.0668 | 101.70 μg·h/mL | 12.86 h | NA | [167] |
| CK-SSD 35 mg/kg (po) | 4.8 ± 2.5 h | 518.1 ± 185 μg/mL | 0.4 ± 0.1 h | NA | NA | 2434.2 ± 2008.3 μg·h/L | 6.8 ± 1.6 h | NA | [168] |
| CK 35 mg/kg (po) | 5.4 ± 0.8 h | 253.6 ± 143.3 μg/mL | 3.0 ± 0 h | NA | NA | 1203.1 ± 636.6 μg·h/L | 6.7 ± 0.8 h | NA | [168] |
| PNS-complex (Rg1, po) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 27.38 μg·h/mL | NG | 50.56% | [169] |
| PNS-complex (Rb1, po) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 600.08 μg·h/mL | NG | 59.49% | [169] |
| Liposomal Rg3 0.5 mg/kg (iv) | 0.491 h | 3343.05 μg/mL | NA | NA | 34.266 L/h/kg (CL) | 583.676 μg·h/L | 0.184 h | NA | [97] |
| Rg3 0.5 mg/kg (iv) | 0.540 h | 2185 μg/mL | NA | NA | 52.081 L/h/kg (CL) | 384.02 μg·h/L | 0.196 h | NA | [97] |
CK-SSD compound K self-nanomicellizing solid dispersion system, PNS-Complex Panax notoginseng saponins, NA not applicable