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. 2021 Oct 15;15:508. doi: 10.1186/s13256-021-03097-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Photomicrographs of the endomyocardial biopsy sample before and after treatment. Hematoxylin–eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining of sections of the interventricular septum demonstrating staining with anti-CD3, anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-CD68, and anti-CD20 antibodies. All images are displayed at 20× the original magnification. Histologic findings show lymphocytic infiltration in the myocardium comprising CD3 positive T lymphocytes, many of which were positive for CD4 compared with CD8, abundance of CD68-positive macrophage infiltrate, and only rare B lymphocytes before treatment (a). Despite intense treatment, the remaining prominent inflammatory infiltrate consisted of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells, and CD68+ macrophages, suggesting smoldering myocarditis (b)