Table 1.
Sample characteristics
| Variable | Sample | AYUSH practitioner | Traditional /Folk healers |
|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | % | % | |
| All | 72,262 | 6.5 | 7.0 |
| Age (years) | |||
| 45–59 (female spouse: any age) | 40,785 (54.1) | 6.0 | 6.6 |
| ≥ 60 | 31,477 (45.9) | 7.2 | 7.5 |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 41,685 (58.0) | 6.9 | 7.1 |
| Male | 30,577 (42.0) | 6.0 | 6.8 |
| Subjective socioeconomic status | |||
| Low (1–3) | 23,625 (37.2) | 7.5 | 9.3 |
| Medium (4–5) | 28,380 (38.7) | 6.7 | 6.4 |
| High (6–10) | 18,134 (24.1) | 4.8 | 4.9 |
| Residence | |||
| Rural | 46,539 (68.2) | 7.4 | 9.4 |
| Urban | 25,723 (31.8) | 4.6 | 1.7 |
| Hypertension | 19,878 (26.4) | 5.8 | 5.1 |
| Diabetes | 8716 (11.6) | 4.0 | 6.9 |
| Chronic lung disease | 3902 (6.3) | 7.3 | 6.0 |
| Cancer | 472 (0.6) | 8.2 | 7.9 |
| Chronic heart disease | 2441 (3.6) | 3.4 | 3.8 |
| Stroke | 1220 (1.8) | 7.2 | 5.3 |
| Any bone or joint diseases | 10,163 (15.7) | 9.2 | 7.1 |
| Neurological or psychiatric problem | 1569 (2.4) | 6.1 | 5.8 |
| Depressive symptoms | 17,650 (27.6) | 7.1 | 8.6 |
| Sleep problems | 8367 (12.7) | 6.6 | 10.0 |
| Symptom-based pain | 19,145 (27.7 | 8.9 | 9.9 |
| Current tobacco use | 21,071 (30.4) | 7.6 | 9.3 |
| Has health insurance | 16,558 (20.7) | 3.0 | 3.5 |
AYUSH practitioner (Ayurveda/unani/siddha/homeopathy); Traditional/Folk healers (tribal medicine/bhopa/jhaad-fook/black magic)