Table 3.

Calculated effect sizes for the included RCTs

Study	n	P value main outcome	CI	Effect size
Fichter et al. [28]a	258	.076		.22
Kaye et al. [25]a	35	.006		.93
Neumayr et al. [23]b	40		− 0.90, 0.41	− .24
Parling et al. [29]a	42	.15	0.3–16.1	.64
Pike et al. [30]a,c	33	p < 0.004		1.00
Sternheim et al. [26]b	35		–0.28 to 1.09	0.40
Walsh et al. [24]a	39	.64		.20

^aCalculation of effect size from p-value via t-value and sample size

^bCalculation of effect size from CI via standard error and sample size

^cp-value was set to 0.004