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. 2021 Oct 15;19:247. doi: 10.1186/s12916-021-02085-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6 — The level of HBeAg associated with inflammation and fibrosis degrees in patients infected with HBV. The association between the level of HBeAg and the content of HBV DNA (A), ALT (B), and AST (C) was analyzed in AHB patients. Hepatic inflammation grades were compared in HBeAg⁻ and HBeAg⁺ CHB patients (D). Liver sections were stained with CD68 (E), and CD68-positive areas were compared between CHB patients with significant inflammation grades (G ≥ 2) and their counterparts (G ≤ 1) (F). The association between the level of HBeAg and CD68-positive areas was analyzed (G). Hepatic fibrosis stages and the percentage of patients with CHB-related complications were compared in HBeAg⁻ and HBeAg⁺ patients (H, I). Liver sections were stained with HE and α-SMA (K), and the level of HBeAg and the α-SMA-positive areas was analyzed in 20 HBeAg⁺ patients (J). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001