Figure.

Flowchart showing the data sources to identify healthcare-associated foodborne outbreaks in OECD countries, 2001–2019

ECDC: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; EFSA: European Food Safety Authority; EU: European Union; FBO: foodborne outbreaks; HA-FBO: healthcare-associated foodborne outbreaks; OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development;

^a Not from a member country of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), only community outbreak, pre-2001 outbreak, non-food transmission (person-to-person transmission, contaminated equipment, enteral/parenteral (powdered) formulae), waterborne, caused by histamine poisoning, non-original study (literature review).

^b Representing 57 HA-FBO, there was one outbreak covered in three publications, one outbreak covered in two outbreaks, and one publication which included two outbreaks.

^c One outbreak due to histamine fish poisoning was previously excluded.