TABLE 2.

Summary of the pharmacokinetic and safety studies published in the literature

Reference	n	Species	Drug formulation	Feed status	Route of administration	Dosage schedule	Dose	Safety data
Rausch‐Derra and Rhodes (2016)	24	Cats	Gelatine capsule	Fasted	PO	Daily for 28 days	3, 9, or 15 mg/kg	No adverse effects were detected at doses ≤15 mg/kg
De Vito et al. (2017)	12	New Zealand White rabbits	Solution in ethanol	Fasted	IV	Single dose	2 mg/kg	NA
Nagahisa and Okumura (2017)	12	Beagle dogs	Suspension in methylcellulose	Fasted	PO	Single dose	1, 3 and 10 mg/kg	No visible side effects
			Solution in sulfobutylether‐β‐cyclodextrin		IV		1 mg/kg
Heit et al. (2018)	8	Mdr1‐deficient collies	Tablet	Fasted	PO	Daily for 28 days	~ 2 mg/kg	No visible side effects
Knych et al. (2018)	12	Thoroughbred horses	Tablet suspended in water	Fasted	PO	Single dose	2 mg/kg	No visible side effects
Cox et al. (2020)	6	Mares	Tablet suspended in water	Fasted	Via nasogastric tube	Single dose	2 mg/kg	No visible side effects
Łebkowska‐Wieruszewska, Barsotti, et al. (2017)	8	Labrador retriever dogs	Gelatine capsule	Fasted	PO	Single dose	2 mg/kg	No visible side effects
				Fed	PO		2 mg/kg
			Ethanol solution		IV		0.5 mg/kg
Rausch‐Derra, Rhodes, et al. (2016)	16	Beagle dogs	Tablet and suspension	Fasted	PO	Single dose	6 and 50 mg/kg	No severe side effects (mild gastrointestinal signs)
Łebkowska‐Wieruszewska, De Vito, et al. (2017)	6	European cats	Gelatine capsule	Fasted	PO	Single dose	2 mg/kg	No visible side effects
			Ethanol solution		IV		2 mg/kg
Rausch‐Derra, Huebner, et al. (2016)	285	Beagle dogs with natural OA	Tablet	NA	PO	Daily for 28 days	0, 2 mg/kg	No visible side effects (drug‐related adverse events were mild and transient)
Rausch‐Derra et al. (2015)	36	Beagle dogs	Suspension in methylcellulose	Fed	PO	Daily for 9 months	0, 1, 6 and 50 mg/kg	Animals remain clinically normal

Abbreviation: NA, not assessed.