TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes without a history of cardiovascular and/or renal disease (CVRD) and those at high risk of cardiorenal disease: postmatching
| Variable | All patients | CVRD‐free | DECLARE‐like | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SGLT2i | DPP4i | StdD (%) a | SGLT2i | DPP4i | StdD (%) a | SGLT2i | DPP4i | StdD (%) a | |
| Number of patients | 24 438 | 24 438 | 17 353 | 17 353 | 11 367 | 11 367 | |||
| Age, y (SD) | 56.7 (10.94) | 56.1 (12.70) | −4.8 | 54.8 (10.89) | 54.3 (12.03) | −4.3 | 64.3 (7.24) | 64.1 (8.19) | −2.5 |
| Females, n (%) | 10 422 (42.6) | 10 352 (42.4) | −0.6 | 7759 (44.7) | 7741 (44.6) | −0.2 | 3695 (32.5) | 3815 (33.6) | 2.2 |
| Microvascular complications, n (%) | 5626 (23.0) | 5485 (22.4) | −1.4 | 3791 (21.8) | 3743 (21.6) | −0.7 | 2818 (24.8) | 2762 (24.3) | −1.1 |
| Frailty, n (%) | 5386 (22.0) | 5430 (22.2) | 0.4 | 5316 (30.6) | 5229 (30.1) | −1.1 | 1746 (15.4) | 1692 (14.9) | −1.3 |
| CVD prevention | |||||||||
| Statins, n (%) | 18 196 (74.5) | 18 107 (74.1) | −0.8 | 12 119 (69.8) | 12 039 (69.4) | −1.0 | 9773 (86.0) | 9772 (86.0) | 0.0 |
| Antihypertensives, n (%) | 15 633 (64.0) | 15 497 (63.4) | −1.2 | 9934 (57.2) | 9817 (56.6) | −1.4 | 8956 (78.8) | 8964 (78.9) | 0.2 |
| ACEi, n (%) | 10 929 (44.7) | 10 819 (44.3) | −0.9 | 7022 (40.5) | 6902 (39.8) | −1.4 | 6056 (53.3) | 5985 (52.7) | −1.3 |
| ARBs, n (%) | 3892 (15.9) | 3878 (15.9) | −0.2 | 2363 (13.6) | 2313 (13.3) | −0.8 | 2390 (21.0) | 2370 (20.8) | −0.4 |
| Beta blockers, n (%) | 4926 (20.2) | 4668 (19.1) | −2.7 | 1788 (10.3) | 1749 (10.1) | −0.7 | 3413 (30.0) | 3370 (29.6) | −0.8 |
| LOOP diuretics, n (%) | 1673 (6.8) | 1440 (5.9) | −3.9 | 545 (3.1) | 510 (2.9) | −1.2 | 1190 (10.5) | 1117 (9.8) | −2.1 |
| Aldosterone antagonists, n (%) | 477 (2.0) | 454 (1.9) | −0.7 | 121 (0.7) | 103 (0.6) | −1.3 | 356 (3.1) | 348 (3.1) | −0.4 |
| Glucose‐lowering drugs | |||||||||
| Metformin, n (%) | 22 780 (93.2) | 22 981 (94.0) | 3.4 | 16 325 (94.1) | 16 373 (94.4) | 1.2 | 10 543 (92.8) | 10 602 (93.3) | 2.0 |
| Sulphonylurea, n (%) | 9608 (39.3) | 9570 (39.2) | −0.3 | 6685 (38.5) | 6691 (38.6) | 0.1 | 4642 (40.8) | 4618 (40.6) | −0.4 |
| GLP1‐RA, n (%) | 2043 (8.4) | 1517 (6.2) | −8.3 | 1155 (6.7) | 829 (4.8) | −8.1 | 1084 (9.5) | 843 (7.4) | −7.6 |
| Thiazolidinediones, n (%) | 1730 (7.1) | 1682 (6.9) | −0.8 | 1268 (7.3) | 1231 (7.1) | −0.8 | – | – | 0.0 |
| Insulin, n (%) | 5238 (21.4) | 4652 (19.0) | −6.0 | 2835 (16.3) | 2614 (15.1) | −3.5 | 3100 (27.3) | 2930 (25.8) | −3.4 |
| Index year | |||||||||
| 2013 | 678 (2.8) | 678 (2.8) | 0.0 | 473 (2.7) | 473 (2.7) | 0.0 | 272 (2.4) | 272 (2.4) | 0.0 |
| 2014 | 2502 (10.2) | 2502 (10.2) | 0.0 | 1750 (10.1) | 1750 (10.1) | 0.0 | 1162 (10.2) | 1162 (10.2) | 0.0 |
| 2015 | 4393 (18.0) | 4393 (18.0) | 0.0 | 3032 (17.5) | 3032 (17.5) | 0.0 | 2057 (18.1) | 2057 (18.1) | 0.0 |
| 2016 | 4783 (19.6) | 4783 (19.6) | 0.0 | 3397 (19.6) | 3397 (19.6) | 0.0 | 2182 (19.2) | 2182 (19.2) | 0.0 |
| 2017 | 5531 (22.6) | 5531 (22.6) | 0.0 | 3997 (23.0) | 3997 (23.0) | 0.0 | 2570 (22.6) | 2570 (22.6) | 0.0 |
| 2018 | 6551 (26.8) | 6551 (26.8) | 0.0 | 4704 (27.1) | 4704 (27.1) | 0.0 | 3124 (27.5) | 3124 (27.5) | 0.0 |
Note: All numbers in parentheses are percentages if not stated otherwise. Frailty, three or more consecutive days in hospital within the year prior to index.
Abbreviations: ACEi, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DPP4i, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor; GLP‐1RA, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist; SD, standard deviation; SGLT2i, sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor; StdD, standardized difference.
An imbalance in baseline characteristics was considered when the standardized difference was >10%.