Table 1.
Production process, textural properties, and electrochemical behavior of biomass‐derived carbons from industrial treatments.
Biomass source |
Production process conditions |
Textural properties |
Electrochemical performance |
Ref. |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T [°C] |
t [h] |
Activating agent |
Gas flow |
S BET [m2 g−1] |
V T [cm3 g−1] |
S loading [mg cm−2] |
Rate |
Capacity [mAh g−1] |
Cycle |
||
sawdust |
800 |
1 |
K2CO3 |
N2 |
2988 |
1.94 |
2.7 |
C/10 |
980 |
50th |
[23] |
rice husk |
900 |
– |
– |
Ar |
525 |
0.49 |
1.0 |
C/2 |
600 |
500th |
[24] |
rice straw |
800 |
3 |
KOH |
Ar |
1187 |
– |
1.2 |
2C |
584 |
500th |
[25] |
wheat straw |
800 |
2 |
KOH |
N2 |
3102 |
1.92 |
1.0–1.2 |
1C |
455 |
500th |
[26] |
soybean hull |
700 |
2 |
KOH |
N2 |
1232 |
0.54 |
1.5 |
C/2 |
450 |
200th |
[27] |
spent coffee |
800 |
12 |
– |
N2 |
1037 |
0.54 |
– |
C/5 |
474 |
400th |
[28] |
paper |
700 |
2 |
KOH |
Ar |
2970 |
1.4 |
2.0 |
1C |
540 |
200th |
[29] |
tobacco stem |
700 |
2 |
KOH |
N2 |
833 |
0.65 |
1.1 |
C/2 |
754 |
400th |
[30] |
brewing waste |
900 |
1 |
– |
N2 |
414 |
0.28 |
1.0 |
1C |
800 |
450th |
[31] |
WWTP (WL‐ACt4) |
350 |
4 |
– |
air |
569 |
0.35 |
2.0 |
1C |
410 |
350th |
this work |
WWTP (SL‐ACt3) |
250 |
3 |
– |
air |
606 |
0.35 |
2.0 |
1C |
646 |
350th |
this work |