FIGURE 8.

Overexpression of ELF3 abolished the protective effects of vorinostat against IL‐1α‐induced degradation of type 2 collagen and the expression of MMP‐13. Cells were transfected with 50 ng of an expression vector encoding human ELF3, followed by stimulation with 5 ng/ml IL‐1α in the presence or absence of vorinostat (200 nM) for 24 h. (A) Protein levels of type 2 collagen. (B) mRNA of MMP‐13. (C) Protein of MMP‐13 as measured by ELISA (N = 5, ***p < 0.005 vs. the previous column group). Col2a1, collagen type II a1; ELF3, E74‐like factor 3; ELISA, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay; IL, interleukin; MMP‐13, matrix metalloproteinase 13