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. 2021 Aug 19;14(18):3636–3664. doi: 10.1002/cssc.202101272

Scheme 8.

Scheme 8

Alkali formates can be obtained directly or indirectly from CO2. The two indirect ways include (a) CO reduction with caustics and (b) hydrogenation of carbonates. The direct conversion of CO2 can be either (c) electrochemical, (d) photochemical reduction, or (e) enzymatic conversion.