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. 2021 Jun 17;14(17):3449–3474. doi: 10.1002/cssc.202100981

Figure 5.

Figure 5

(a) Energy band diagram of typical organic photovoltaics without and with interfacial layers. Reproduced with permission from ref. [74]; copyright 2012, Royal Society of Chemistry. (b) Illustration of work function modification through formation of an interfacial dipole; shifting of the work function is indicated by Evac. Reproduced from ref. [75]; copyright 2014, Wiley‐VCH. (c) Energy band alignments of electron‐transporting layer and Al interface, representing the band bending characteristics. (d) Intensity‐dependent VOC of P3TEA:FTTB‐PDI4 with PDI‐NO and PFN interlayers. Reproduced with permission from ref. [46]; copyright 2019, Cell Press.