Table 3.
Characteristics and outcomes in defined groups
| ABW and IBW | ABW | IBW | SCr | non-AKI | P | |
| N | 1,535 | 947 | 66 | 1,719 | 8,626 | |
| Age | 68 (58–78) | 66 (57–75) | 71 (56–81) | 68 (57–77) | 64 (52–75) | <0.001 |
| Gender (male) | 961 (62.6) | 520 (54.9) | 46 (69.7) | 1,054 (61.3) | 5,090 (59.0) | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity | <0.001 | |||||
| Asian | 16 (1.0) | 6 (0.6) | 7 (10.6) | 48 (2.8) | 224 (2.6) | |
| Black | 78 (5.1) | 42 (4.4) | 2 (3.0) | 98 (5.7) | 580 (6.7) | |
| Hispanic | 24 (1.6) | 29 (3.1) | 3 (4.5) | 44 (2.6) | 291 (3.4) | |
| White | 289 (18.8) | 166 (17.5) | 8 (12.1) | 307 (17.9) | 1,356 (15.7) | |
| Other | 1,128 (73.5) | 704 (74.3) | 46 (69.7) | 1,222 (71.1) | 6,175 (71.6) | |
| Admission Type | <0.001 | |||||
| Elective | 298 (19.4) | 245 (25.9) | 16 (24.2) | 488 (28.4) | 1,575 (18.3) | |
| Emergency | 1,182 (77.0) | 670 (70.7) | 47 (71.2) | 1,174 (68.3) | 6,799 (78.8) | |
| Urgent | 55 (3.6) | 32 (3.4) | 3 (4.5) | 57 (3.3) | 252 (2.9) | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 173 (165–178) | 170 (160–178) | 175 (170–180) | 170 (163–178) | 170 (163–178) | <0.001 |
| ABW (kg) | 85 (73–100) | 91 (81–105) | 56 (50–63) | 77 (67–90) | 78 (66–90) | <0.001 |
| IBW (kg) | 73 (65–82) | 73 (65–82) | 70 (64–73) | 68 (59–75) | 68 (59–77) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.6 (24.7–33.4) | 31.3 (27.8–36.2) | 18.5 (17.5–20.1) | 26.8 (23.8–30.7) | 26.7 (23.5–30.5) | <0.001 |
| Hospital Death | 195 (12.7) | 52 (5.5) | 6 (9.1) | 188 (10.9) | 435 (5.0) | <0.001 |
| 90-day death | 298 (19.4) | 87 (9.2) | 13 (19.7) | 285 (16.6) | 905 (10.5) | <0.001 |
| LOS in ICU (days) | 3.9 (2.2–7.2) | 3.1 (1.9–5.9) | 3.6 (2.2–6.9) | 2.6 (1.5–4.9) | 2.2 (1.4–3.8) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | <0.001 | |||||
| Admission | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.9 (0.8–1.2) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | |
| 7-day minimum | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | |
| 7-day maximum | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.4 (1.1–2.0) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | |
| 7-day change | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.5 (0.4–0.9) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| CHF | 224 (14.6) | 92 (9.7) | 9 (13.6) | 208 (12.1) | 859 (10.0) | |
| Hypertension | 11 (0.7) | 8 (0.8) | 1 (1.5) | 18 (1.0) | 71 (0.8) | 0.819 |
| Diabetes | 473 (30.8) | 305 (32.2) | 6 (9.1) | 462 (26.9) | 1,925 (22.3) | <0.001 |
| Cancer | 130 (8.5) | 54 (5.7) | 8 (12.1) | 124 (7.2) | 666 (7.7) | 0.062 |
| Obesity | 154 (10.0) | 115 (12.1) | 0 (0.0) | 74 (4.3) | 375 (4.3) | <0.001 |
| Weightloss | 59 (3.8) | 21 (2.2) | 6 (9.1) | 50 (2.9) | 290 (3.4) | 0.013 |
| SOFA score | 4 (3–7) | 4 (3–6) | 5 (2–7) | 5 (3–7) | 3 (2–5) | <0.001 |
| vasopressor Use | 967 (63.0) | 577 (60.9) | 41 (62.1) | 971 (56.5) | 3,451 (40.0) | <0.001 |
| Ventilation | 1,182 (77.0) | 765 (80.8) | 54 (81.8) | 1,194 (69.5) | 4,659 (54.0) | <0.001 |
| RRT | 14 (0.9) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 84 (4.9) | 14 (0.2) | <0.001 |
| First Lab tests | ||||||
| WBC (1e9/L) | 11.4 (8.3–15.8) | 12.0 (8.7–15.7) | 11.0 (8.1–14.3) | 11.2 (8.1–15.4) | 11.0 (7.9–14.8) | <0.001 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 36.0 (31.8–40.0) | 36.3 (32.0–40.0) | 35.7 (29.2–39.0) | 34.9 (30.5–39.0) | 36.0 (31.5–40.0) | <0.001 |
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 138 (136–140) | 138 (136–141) | 138 (134–140) | 138 (135–140) | 138 (136–140) | 0.001 |
| Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.1 (3.8–4.5) | 4.1 (3.8–4.4) | 4.1 (3.9–4.5) | 4.1 (3.7–4.5) | 4.0 (3.7–4.4) | <0.001 |
| Chloride (mEq/L) | 104 (101–107) | 104 (101–107) | 103 (99–109) | 105 (101–109) | 104 (101–107) | <0.001 |
| Bicarbonate (mEq/L) | 24 (22–26) | 24 (22–26) | 24 (23–27) | 23 (21–25) | 24 (22–26) | <0.001 |
| Anion Gap (mEq/L) | 14 (11–16) | 13 (11–15) | 13 (12–16) | 13 (11–16) | 14 (11–16) | <0.001 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 18 (14–26) | 17 (13–23) | 15 (13–23) | 18 (13–27) | 17 (12–23) | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 129 (106–165) | 128 (107–163) | 111 (101–144) | 123 (103–162) | 124 (104–159) | <0.001 |
Continuous variables were presented as medians with interquartile ranges (25th–75th percentiles) and categorical variables as counts with percentages.
ABW indicates actual body weight; BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CHF, chronic heart failure; IBW, ideal body weight; LOS, length of stay; RRT, renal replacement therapy; SCr, serum creatinine; SOFA, the sequential organ failure assessment; WBC, white blood cells.